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Chapter 5b: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Lipids)

Chapter 5b: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Lipids). Polymers, Monomers, and Lipids. Lipids posses numerous C-H bonds (i.e., they are very hydrocarbon-like) . Lipid monomers are less persistent than the above monomers

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Chapter 5b: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Lipids)

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  1. Chapter 5b:The Structure andFunction ofMacromolecules(Lipids)

  2. Polymers, Monomers, and Lipids Lipids posses numerous C-H bonds (i.e., they are very hydrocarbon-like) • Lipid monomers are less persistent than the above monomers • Consequently, lipids are less-readily described using the same polymeric terms (other than triacylglycerides, we’ll ignore lipid synthesis)

  3. Various Lipids Fat Steroid hormone Fatty acid Sex hormone Palmitic acid Testosterone Triacylglycerol Estrogen Lipids do not share a common core structure Triglyceride Waxes Saturated fatty acid Lard Unsaturated fatty acid Omega-3-fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acid Free fatty acids “Trans fatty acid” “Butter” What is common to lipids is their hydrophobicity Polyunsaturated fatty acid “Margarine” Stearic acid Olive oil Oleic acid Flax seed oil Oil “Toasted Sesame oil” Phospholipid Bile salts Phosphatidylcholine “Vegetable shortening” Steroid “Hydrogenated vegetable shortening” Cholesterol “Partially hydrogenated veg. short.”

  4. Fat Molecule: Triacyl Glycerol Energy + ester linkage

  5. Saturated & Unsaturated F.A.

  6. Fatty Acids–Saturated, Unsaturated

  7. Fatty Acids–Cis, Trans, Saturated

  8. Fats possess more energy per molecule and less hydration compared with carbohydrates, resulting in fats possessing much more energy stored per unit mass or volume Triacylglycerols, -ides Saturated Unsaturated

  9. In animals such as ourselves, fats are stored in adipose cells Fat Functions Fats are also important as cushions for body organs and as an insulating layer beneath skin

  10. Fats function in biological systems as energy storage molecules, particular for organisms or stages of life cycles in which mobility and energy storage are simultaneously necessary, e.g., nuts, seeds, and animals Fat versus Oil • Fat • Fully saturated • Solid at room temp. • > high-temp. stability • Oil • Unsaturated • Liquid at room temp. • > low-temp. fluidity

  11. Know the trends in this figure, not the specific numbers Fatty Acid Melting Points

  12. Olive Oil, Blackout of ‘05

  13. Phospholipids Polar group

  14. Phospholipid Bilayer

  15. Micelles

  16. Biological Membranes

  17. Cholesterol You should be able to recognize this as a Steroid

  18. Cholesterol Cholesterol is a membrane temperature fluidity buffer

  19. Steroids

  20. The End

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