PRILOZI ADVERBS

1. PRILOZI (ADVERBS)

2. Definicija Prilozi su reci ili grupe reci koje odreduju glagole, prideve i priloge. Mogu se odnositi na predloge ili cele recenice. She did it quickly. He�s a well-known writer. He writes extremely well. Luckily, they couldn�t see us.

3. Podela Prosti: here, there, then, when, now, where, why, far Slo�eni: sometimes, whenever, elsewhere Izvedeni: softly, brightly, clearly Grupe reci: every now and then, on and off

4. Mnogi prilozi nastaju od prideva dodavanjem nastavka �ly: Beautiful beautifully Nice nicely Wrong wrongly Sincere sincerely Certain certainly Complete completely

5. Mnoge fraze sa predlozima koriste se kao prilozi: In the morning At present In the future At least At most By all means

6. Pridevi + imenice takode mogu da se upotrebe kao prilozi: The project will take three years. He walked five kilometres. Come next week. I saw her last Sunday. Are you going home? They drove full speed.

7. Prema znacenju, prilozi se mogu podeliti na priloge za: Mesto (adverbs of place) Vreme (of time) Nacin (of manner) Kolicinu, broj ili stepen (of amount, number and degree) Uzrok i posledicu (of cause and result) Potvrdivanje i odricanje (of affirming and denying) Isticanje (of intensifying)

8. a) Prilozi za mesto: here, there, over, above, around, under, inside, outside, where Bring all the chairs here. There� s a nice beach there. They are waiting outside. Where are my shoes?

9. b) Prilozi za vreme: now, then, yesterday, today, tomorrow, soon, before, sometimes, after, afterwards, ever, never I�m leaving now. What were you doing yesterday? They will soon be here. Have you ever been to China?

10. c) Prilozi za nacin su najbrojniji: well, fast, hard, slowly, kindly, carefully He drove carefully. They were walking slowly. She speaks English well. The clothes were folded neatly on the chair. They were arguing loudly.

11. d) Prilozi za kolicinu, broj i stepen: much, little, once, twice, as, only, very, nearly, about, almost, fairly, so We went there only once. Does the noise bother you much? I am a little tired. This book costs about two pounds. She almost missed the bus.

12. e) Prilozi za uzrok i posledicu: why, therefore, hence, consequently, so, thus Why can�t you come? You�re ill, therefore you must stay at home. Nobody answered my call, so I sent a text message. f) Prilozi za potvrdivanje i odricanje: yes, certainly, by all means; no, not, not at all Are you coming with us? �I certainly am. May I use your computer? �By all means. Do you mind if I open the window? �Not at all.

13. g) Prilozi za isticanje: just, only, merely, solely, even, at least, at most, exactly, particularly We just don�t know what to do. They are at least willing to help. This is exactly what I want. He is particularly interested in art.

14. Upitne reci kao where, when, why, how, how often, how far, how long takode su prilozi: Where did you leave your car? How far is it to the nearest petrol station? How long will you stay here? When will you arrive?

15. GRA�ENJE PRILOGA Veliki broj priloga gradi se dodavanjem nastavka �ly na pridev: polite?politely quick?quickly slow?slowly Kod dodavanja nastavka �ly, de�avaju se sledece promene u pisanju: a. ako se pridev zavr�ava na e, ono se ne gubi ispred nastavka �ly: safe?safely Izuzeci: true ?truly; whole?wholly b. ako se pridev zavr�ava na y ispred kojeg je suglasnik, y se menja u i: easy?easily heavy?heavily lucky?luckily

16. c. ako se pridev zavr�ava na le, e se gubi ispred nastavka �ly: possible?possibly terrible?terribly reasonable?reasonably d. ako se pridev zavr�ava na ic, l se u nastavku udvostrucuje: scientific?scientifically romantic?romantically automatic?automatically Izuzetak: public?publicly

17. U nekim slucajevima prilozi nemaju nastavak -ly: 1. prilozi koji su isti kao i pridevi: fast, hard, deep, early, high, late, long, low, near, right, wrong, straight I haven�t seen you for a long time. Adjective Did you have to wait long? Adverb The temperature is quite high today. Adjective The birds were flying high. Adverb U govornom jeziku pridevi cheap, loud, quick, slow takode se koriste kao prilozi: They sell cheap clothes in this shop. They sell clothes cheap/cheaply.

18. 2. neki prilozi imaju dva oblika, npr. hard/hardly,koji imaju drugacije znacenje: We tried hard, but we didn�t succeed. Jako smo se trudili, ali nismo uspeli. He�s got hardly any money left. Jedva da ima ne�to preostalog novca. I found a post office quite near. Na�la sam po�tu u blizini. I nearly fell asleep in the meeting. Skoro sam zaspao na sastanku.

19. 3. Postoje pridevi koji se zavr�avaju na ly, npr. friendly, lovely, ugly, lively, elderly, lonely, silly. Njima se ne mo�e dodati nastavak �ly. Ako je potrebno upotrebiti prilog, obicno se izabere rec slicnog znacenja (lovely=beautiful?beautifully). Ali se mo�e reci in a friendly way/manner. 4. Pridevu good odgovara prilog well, a pridevu bad prilog badly: She is a good pianist. She plays the piano well. He had a bad night. He slept badly last night.

20. Poredenje priloga Izvesni prilozi mogu se porediti. Jednoslo�ni prilozi porede se dodavanjem nastavaka �er i �est: Pozitiv komparativ superlativ Fast faster fastest High higher highest Long longer longest Near nearer nearest

21. Dvoslo�ni predlozi: a) early � earlier � earliest b) more � most / less � least Clearly more clearly most clearly Seldom more seldom most seldom Openly less openly least openly c) Poredenje po jednakosti: as...as He writes as clearly as he speaks.

22. Nepravilno poredenje Pozitiv komparativ superlativ Far farther farthest Late later last Little less least Much more most Well better best Badly worse worst

23. MESTO PRILOGA U RECENICI Na pocetku (ispred subjekta): Now we will study adverbs. Sada cemo uciti priloge. U sredini (izmedu subjekta i glavnog glagola): We often travel by bus. Cesto putujemo autobusom. Na kraju (iza glagola ili objekta): The bus was going slowly. Autobus je i�ao polako.