Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Biological Effects of WPT systems for MICS and Needs for Standardization of WPT systems Date Submitted: [xx Nov, 2009] Source: JoonHyeok Oh[CNU], Jeong Ki Pack[CNU], Tae Hong Kim[CNU], YangMoon Yoon[KORPA], MoonYoung Choi[KORPA], SangYun Lee[KORPA] Contact: JoonHyeok Oh, Chungnam National Univ, Korea Voice: : E-mail:clementa@naver.com Re: [n/a] Abstract: Provide some information on possible biological effects due to WPT systems and discuss the necessity for standardization Purpose: To investigate possible biological effects of WPT systems for MICS devices and to propose needs for standardization of WPT systems Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual's or organization's. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor's reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and maybe made publicly available by P802.15.

2. Biological Effects of WPT systems for MICS and Needs for Standardization of WPT systems JoonHyeok Oh[CNU], Tae Hong Kim[CNU] Jeong Ki Pack[CNU], , YangMoon Yoon[KORPA], MoonYoung Choi[KORPA], SangYun Lee[KORPA] 2

3. Purpose and Contents • This document presentsto investigate possible biological effects of WPT systems for MICS devices and to propose needs for standardization of WPT systems • Contents • - Introduction • - WPT system • - Human protection guideline • - Simulation 1 (403 MHz) - RF transmission • - Simulation 2 (800 kHz) - Inductive coupling • - Conclusions 3

4. Introduction • Recently, application of WPT systems to MICS devices is actively investigated. • However, WPT systems could cause possible health effects. • The results of the preliminary study are presented and necessity for some kinds of standard is discussed. * WPT: Wireless Power Transmission

5. Nov 2009 • MICS devices Power requirements of IMD devices * MICS: Medical Implanted Communication System Slide 5

6. WPT system for MICS Nov 2009 • Methods • Inductive coupling technology: several cm– about 10 cm • Non-radiative resonance technology: several m • RF transmission technology: over several m • Frequencies • 125 kHz, 800 kHz, 10 MHz, 13.6 MHz, 40.68 MHz, 401 - 406 MHz, other ISM bands Slide 6

7. Nov 2009 • Inductive coupling technology Widspower’s non-contact charger device Slide 7

8. Nov 2009 • Non-radiative resonant technology Intel’s Wireless Resonant Energy Link technology KETI’s thin film type WPT system Slide 8

9. Nov 2009 • RF transmission technology PowerCast’s wireless charger device Slide 9

10. Nov 2009 • Human protection guideline (SAR) * Figures in the ( ) indicate general public’s one * Reference : IEEE C95.1-2005 Slide 10

11. Nov 2009 • Human protection guideline (E/H field) [2] Electric field Magnetic field - General Public - Slide 11

12. Nov 2009 • Simulation for WPT systems • RF transmission system • 403 MHz • Pacemaker, Neurological Stimulator, Drug Pump, Cochlear Implants, Capsule Endoscope • Inductive coupling system • 800 kHz • Capsule Endoscope Slide 12

13. 16 15 1 2 14 3 11 12 4 7 13 6 5 8 10 9 17 Nov 2009 • Simulation 1 – RF transmission (1) • Frequency : 403 MHz • Model : Korean phantom model (by ETRI) • Antenna : Dipole antenna • Tool : Remcom’s XFDTD 6.6 version Slide 13

14. Skin Stomach Nov 2009 • Simulation 1 – RF transmission (2) • Power density vs depth • Skin : 62 ~ 65 % • fat : 57 ~ 62 % • muscle : 38 ~ 41 % • heart : 10 ~ 33 % • liver : 8 ~ 9 % • stomach : 1.8 ~ 6.7 % Slide 14

15. Nov 2009 • Simulation 1 – RF transmission (3) • Maximum SAR for 1 W input Slide 15

16. Nov 2009 • Simulation 1 – RF transmission (4) • Estimated input power for MICS devices • Ae = 0.044 (where, ) Slide 16

17. Nov 2009 • Simulation 1 – RF transmission (5) • Estimated maximum SAR values Slide 17

18. Capsular endoscope Wireless energy transmitter Wireless energy receiver Nov 2009 • Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (1) Prototype of C.E developed in Korean research group Slide 18

19. Wireless power transmission system by inductive coupling. Equivalent current driving circuit for magnetic field generation Nov 2009 • Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (2) • Resonance frequency : 800 kHz • Tx coil size : 450 mm (width) * 250 mm (depth) * 450 mm (height) • 20 turns • Coil current = 2.6 A • Tool : Ansoft HFSS Slide 19

20. Nov 2009 • Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (3) • Magnetic Field Intensity and Human Exposure Safety [3] Slide 20

21. Nov 2009 • Conclusions • WPT technology is useful for MICS. • The preliminary study shows that WPT system could cause some hazardous effects on human body. • More intensive studies on biological effects due to exposure to such systems are required. • Standardization for WPT system for MICS seems to be necessary. . Slide 21

22. Nov 2009 References [1] A Planar Spiral Antenna of Multi-Tabs for Wireless Power Transmission of Inductive Coupling [2] DOC : IEEE 802.15-19-0158-01-0ban [3] Coil Capacitor Circuit Design of a Transcuteneous Energy Transmission System to Deliver Stable Electric Power [4] Wireless Energy Transfer Technology Slide 22

23. Thank you for your attention! Q & A. 23