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The Moon

The Moon. Theories on moon’s creation. The Fission Theory: Part of earth Thrown out due to extreme rotation Basin in Pacific Ocean Earth’s gravity pulled it in Composition resembles earth’s composition. 2. Capture Theory – Moon made in solar system

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The Moon

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  1. The Moon

  2. Theories on moon’s creation • The Fission Theory: • Part of earth • Thrown out due to extreme rotation • Basin in Pacific Ocean • Earth’s gravity pulled it in • Composition resembles earth’s composition

  3. 2. Capture Theory – • Moon made in solar system • Came into contact with earth’s gravitational field • Pulled into orbit around earth • 3. Condensation Theory – • both condensed from gases at the beginning of the solar system

  4. 4. Giant Impact Theory – ( most believed) • Small planet impacted earth after it was first made • Material was thrown into space • Material congealed to make a small planetoid • Earth’s gravity captured the small planetoid to orbit earth

  5. Moon rocks Rocks made of basalt from volcanic eruptions and minerals, such as plagioclase feldspar and olivine, No organic materials It's gray with very fine grained particles like sand or even dust and extremely dry because there is no water on the moon

  6. Lunar Breccia • These fragments are the white pieces visible in the rock and are composed of feldspar. • feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine.

  7. basalt

  8. Moon’s orbit • Ellipse • Rotation rate: once every 27.3 days • This keeps one side of the moon facing the earth at all times • Revolution rate: • 27.3 days

  9. Moon’s orbit • Apogee – point in moon’s orbit furthest from earth • Perigee – point in moon’s orbit closest to earth

  10. Moon phases • Waning moon – moon is getting smaller • Waxing moon – moon is getting larger • Length – 29.5 days • Extra days from revolution due to position of S E and M to return to starting position

  11. First Quarter Last Quarter

  12. Tides – Rise and fall of the sea level due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the earth’s waters and solid crust. • - moon has a greater effect due to its distance to the earth.

  13. Kinds of tides • Spring tides – when the sun and moon are both on the same side of the earth. • - high tides

  14. Neap tides – when the moon and sun are at rt. angles to each other Gravitational pull is against each other Low tides

  15. Since the moon moves around the Earth, it is not always in the same place at the same time each day. So, each day, the times for high and low tides change by 50 minutes.

  16. Causes of tides: • 1. position of moon and sun to earth • 2. gravitational pull of moon and sun on earth’s waters • 3. rotation of earth in and out of the waters

  17. Moon’s light • Moon light is light reflected from the sun off the moon’s surface.

  18. Lunar eclipse • Moon passes into the shadow of the earth • Umbra – darkest part of the shadow • complete eclipse • Penumbra – lighter part of the shadow • -partial eclipse • Two lunar eclipses each year • Duration – 1 hour

  19. Solar eclipse when the earth moves into the moon’s shadow. • Small area on earth in umbra. • Total eclipse in umbra • Lasts 8 minutes

  20. Annular eclipse – when • moon’s shadow does not touch the earth’s surface.

  21. Solar eclipse

  22. Fact #1 • Solar Eclipse: the sun has a diameter about 400 times larger than that of the Moon. In order for the moon to completely block out the sun during a solar eclipse, the sun mustbe about 400 times farther from earth than the moon • Fact #2 • No matter how large a full moon may appear when it is close to the horizon, it is really the same size as it is when overhead. • The light rays are being refracted , which makes it appear larger.

  23. Moon features • Mares – Lt. seas • smooth dark areas on moon - lava flows - youngest rocks

  24. Craters – depressions made from impact of meteors • Copernicus • Plato • Crater Walls – surround crater

  25. Chained craters – craters joined together

  26. Rays – light colored material extending outward from crater • - splash material from impact

  27. Rilles- Rilles are trenches a few kilometres wide and hundreds of metres deep. Straight rilles are faults in the lunar crust whereas sinuous rilles are collapsed lava tubes.

  28. Wrinkled ridges – found in maria result from cooling

  29. Domes – small swelling on surface • - domed volcanoes • - laccoliths pushing upward

  30. Mountain ranges

  31. Regolith – lunar soil

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