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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. The Rise of Rome. Section 1 The Roman Republic. Important Vocabulary Romulus: legendary hero who founded Rome Aeneas: hero of the Trojan War who settled in Italy after Troy was destroyed Remus: twin of Romulus

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 The Rise of Rome

  2. Section 1 The Roman Republic • Important Vocabulary • Romulus: legendary hero who founded Rome • Aeneas: hero of the Trojan War who settled in Italy after Troy was destroyed • Remus: twin of Romulus • Republic: government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name • Patricians: wealthy landowners who held high government positions in ancient Rome • Plebians: commoners who were allowed to vote but not to hold government office in ancient Rome • Senate: powerful body of 300 members that advised Roman leaders • Consuls: officials who led executive branch

  3. The Beginning of Rome • Romans would like to date the history of Rome to 753bc • Romulus is said to have founded Rome • Legend: a popular story from earlier times that cannot be proved

  4. The founding of Rome • Romulus and Remus: descendents of Aeneas founded Rome. They were abandoned by their mother and rescued by wolves. Romulus killed his brother Remus and traced Rome’s boundaries around the Palatine Hill. • After Romulus ruled, the Etruscans conquered Rome. Romans overthrew them and again had self rule- • They formed a REPUBLIC

  5. Rome’s Geography and Early Life • First settlers in Rome were Latins • Chose this spot for climate, good farmland, strategic location, built on 7 steep hills • Located on the Mediterrean Sea for trade route • Lay next to the Tiber River for farming and drinking • Italian Peninsula: This position was easy for ships to reach other lands also to • Conquer • Gain new territories • Trade routes

  6. Farm Life • Romans worked small plots of land • They grew: • Wheat • barley • Vegetables • Fruit • And later olives and grapes

  7. Roman Qualities • Disciplined • Loyal • Hard worker • *These qualities helped Rome succeed

  8. The Rise of the Republic • 2 Classes: • Patricians: wealthy land owners who held government positions • Plebeians: commoners who were allowed to vote but not to hold government office in ancient Rome Tripartie Government 3 Branches • Legislative: makes laws, 300 members, senators were Patricians and assembles were Plebeians • Judicial: interprets laws, 8 judges, one year term • Executive: enforces law, 2 consuls, one year term, command army and direct government, also had power to veto (override)

  9. Section 2: Rome becomes an Empire • Civil War: armed conflicts between groups in the same country • Julius Cesar: Roman General, politician, and dictator • Cicero: Roman Consul, speaker, and opponent of Cesar • Augustus: Julius Cesar’s great nephew and adopted son who became first Roman Emperor • Civil Service: group of officials employed by the government • PaxRomana: “Roman Peace”

  10. Civil War • Uprising between rich and poor • Plebeians and generals between patricians and senators • Julius Cesar came to power, named dictator for life, assassinated • Cesar’s enemy: Ciero (greatest speaker in Roman history)

  11. Emperors rule Rome • After Cesar’s death, several leaders struggled to gain power. • Cesar-great nephew and adopted son Octavian or Augustus • Led to another civil war that destroyed Roman Republic • He became ruler after his defeat of the Republic-

  12. Augustus Rebuilds Rome • Augustus is the first emperor of Rome. He liked to be called “First Citizen”. • His reign called PaxRomana or “Roman Peace” 200 years- • His reign led to : • A strong government • Agriculture • Trade • Currency

  13. Section 3 The Daily Life of Romans • Aqueducts: artificial channels that carry water, sometimes over arched bridges • Colosseum: Roman stadium where Romans watched gladiator fights • Gladiators: trained Roman warriors

  14. Family and Society

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