Dental formula. Signs of teeth

1. DENTAL FORMULA (FORMULA OF TEETH). SIGNS OF TEETH. DRILLS. MODERN DOMESTIC AND OVERSEA STOMATOLOGICAL OPTIONS. OFFICE HOURS. ERGONOMICS IS IN DENTISTRY. CLASSIFICATION OF CARIOUS CAVITIES AFTER BLACK. BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES OF PREPARING OF CARIOUS CAVITIES

2. Dental formula. Signs of teeth • The dental system of men belongs to the dyphiodontical system (there are two changes of teeth: a suckling bite is 20 teeth, permanent - 32 teeth. Anatomic formula of teeth of suckling bite — 2.1.2, that on every side of both overhead and lower jaw there are two incisives, one canines, two molars. Anatomic formula of teeth of permanent bite — 2.1.2.3, that two incisives one canines, two premolars and three molars.

3. The crowns of the teeth have a few surfaces. In the groups of frontal teeth four surfaces: vestibular, tongue, two contact surfaces, one of them reverse to the middle line and calls by a middle surface, and second —outside and is called a lateral surface . The line of ascent of lip and tongue surfaces forms a cutting edge. In the group of premolars and molars distinguish a vestibular surface, a tongue, occlusive. From contact surfaces one is called front, second — back. • The teeth of man can be divided after a form, function, location and amount of roots on a few groups. After a form teeth are divided into spatula (incisive), cone (canine), cylinder (premolars), cube (molars).

4. The second teeth in her are reflected the Arabic figures, and temporal (milk) — Roman: • 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V IV III II I I II III IV V V IV III II I I II III IV V

5. The numbers placed above a horizontal line mark overhead teeth, and under her are down. A vertical divides a formula in the middle and answers the midline of dental row, number on the left mark the teeth of right half of jaw of patient, and business — the left half. In other words, doctor as if looks at a patient through this formula, imposing her on his dental rows. Every tooth of permanent and temporal bites has the numerical denotation. The second teeth are reflected the Arabic figures: 1 is central incisive, 2 is lateral incisive, 3 is canine, 4 is first premolar, 5 is second premolar, 6 is first molar, 7 is second and 8 is third molar.

6. A dental formula at such method of denotation acquires such kind: • 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 • the supramaxilla on the right the supramaxilla on the left • 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 • the supramaxilla on the right the supramaxilla on the left • 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 • the lower jaw on the right the lower jaw on the left • 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 • the lower jaw on the right the lower jaw on the left

8. For the schematic skidding of diseases and state of teeth in a dental formula use the designated by a letter denotations: C is caries, P is pulpit, Pt; it is perіodontyt, П __is stopping, К __ is an artificial crown, Ф__is the false tooth of unremovable (bridge) prosthetic appliance, R ___ is root of tooth, A __is a tooth is absent, T___ is trauma (crowns of the tooth), H ___ is Hupoplasia, F___ is fluorosis. The degree of mobile of teeth is specified by the Roman numerals I, II or III.

9. Sometimes at describe carious cavities are reflected in Latin a letter and is classified depending on their localization on-the-spot teeth. The followings designated by a letter denotations of different surfaces of teeth are thus accepted: 0— occlusal (mastification) surface; I is cutting (incisive) edge; M is a medіal contact surface; D is a dystal contact surface; F is a vestibular (frontal, labial) surface; B is cheek (buccal) surface; L is a tongue (palatal, lingual) surface.

10. Types of drills, which today more frequent in all are used: • · stand-up feet not demountable, demountable, difficult; • · combined feet and with a motor; • · stand-up with an electromotor (stationary); • · hangings wall with an electric motor; • · portable; • high-speed; • · universal dentistry options.

12. Instruments

14. Structure of tips. Direct and angular tips consist of circulating (basic) and immobile (fixings) parts. Modern tips of the firm Ка\/о: - Intra Lux 2 is a tip is angular 1:1 (dark blue strip) is cored light-pipe, separate serve of water and air; · Intra Lux 2 is a tip is the angular lowering 2,7:1 (green strip) and 7,4:1 (two green strips) is cored light-pipe, separate serve of water and air; · Intra Lux 2 is a tip is the angular increasing 1:5 (red strip) - cored light conductor, separate serve of water and · air internal;

15. It is necessary to remember, that the speed mode concerns by the row of factors: • · by a structure and topography of hard fabrics of tooth; • · by setting of instrument; • · by a grittiness, size and form of working part of instrument. • Circulating instrument at the initial preparing and finishing walls must work in the high and • higherest ranges of speed, at a necretomy, finishing, mowing of edges of enamel and polishing • of stopping - in low and middle ranges.

16. Classification of carious cavities after Black Class I Class I- are carious cavities located at fissures premolars and molars, and also natural fossulas of incisives and molars. Class II are carious cavities located on pin surfaces of premolars and molars Class III are the carious cavities located on the contact surfaces of chisels and canines without the damage of cutting edge and corner of crown of the tooth.

17. Class IV are the carious cavities located on the contact surfaces of chisels and canines with the damage of cutting edge and corner of crown of the tooth. Class V are the carious cavities located in near cervical areas in all groups of teeth. Class VI In some American editions it is possible to meet the additional VI class for the cavities located on humps and cuttings surfaces of all groups of teeth, and, consequently, in the so-called cariousresystents areas.

18. Principle of "biological expedience"(Lukomsky) of –tissue of tooth is carved by sparing and preparing conclude within the limits of visible healthy areas. Consequently, basic principle by which it follows to follow at preparing of carious cavity is the complete carving of the pathologically changed fabrics and sparing attitude toward un deferred by the caries of enamel and dentine.

19. Opening of carious cavity is carried out by spherical, or the fissure coniferous forests. they are gathered additionally so that the size of working part was not greater, than ingate of this carious cavity. Expansions of carious cavity conduct within the limits of the practical not staggered by a caries hard fabrics of tooth healthy. During expansion, carving of staggered fissure, aligning an enamel edge, rounds of acute angles is foreseen on the perimeter of cavity with the purpose of prevention of origin of the second caries. Extend a carious cavity by the fissure coniferous forests.

20. However there are commons rules for preparing all cavities, namely: 1) passing of bottom of cavity (surface reverse to mash) to the lateral wall must be at right angles; 2) passing of one wall to other must be under a corner (except for the cavities of the V class); 3) the edges of enamel must be even and smooth. 4) the bottom of carious cavity must be flat or to a certain extent to repeat the form of occlusional surface of tooth.