Forklifts and Other Powered Industrial Trucks WAC 296-24-230

1. Forkliftsand Other Powered Industrial TrucksWAC 296-24-230 From WAC 296-24, Part D Materials Handling and Storage, Including Cranes, Derricks, Etc., and Rigging

2. Objectives • Employers should be able to determine if their Powered Industrial Truck operator training program complies with the new standard’s requirements for • Truck-Related Topics • Workplace-Related Topics • Documentation of Training

3. Changes • “Clear Rule Writing” • Operator Training • Requirements • Non-Mandatory Guidelines • Operator Restraints • WRD On Order Pickers Included • Updated National Consensus Standards • Other • Glycol no longer specified as the only antifreeze agent • Other Industry standards affected

4. What Is A “Powered Industrial Truck”? • “A mobile, power-propelled truck used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier materials. Powered industrial trucks are also commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, rider trucks, forktrucks, or lifttrucks.” • [per American Society of Mechanical Engineers -- ASME]

5. Which Of These Does the New Standard Require Operators To Be Trained On?

6. Is This A “Powered Industrial Truck”

7. Is This A “Powered Industrial Truck”

8. Is This A “Powered Industrial Truck”

9. Is This A “Powered Industrial Truck”

10. Is This A “Powered Industrial Truck”

11. "Clear Rule Writing"

12. “While negotiating turns, speed shall be reduced to a safe level, by means of turning the hand steering wheel in a smooth, sweeping motion. Except when maneuvering at a very low speed, the hand steering wheel shall be turned at a moderate, even rate.” “While negotiating turns, speed must be reduced to a safe level.” The Old Way - The New Way “Turning technique no longer specified”

13. Operator Training Mandatory portion: WAC 296-24-23025 Non-Mandatory Appendix: WAC 296-24-23037

14. Mandatory: -296-24-23025 - Operator Training Safe Operation Training program implementation Training program content Refresher training and evaluation Avoidance of duplicative training Documentation Effective date

15. The Other Part of Operator Training • Non-Mandatory Appendix: (para 296-24-23037) • Definitions • General • Basic Principles • The Stability Triangle • Longitudinal Stability • Lateral Stability • Dynamic Stability

16. Employer must ensure operators are trained, as appropriate, by the effective date of this section. Employees hired on or after the effective date of this section must be trained and evaluated prior to being assigned to operate a powered industrial truck. Effective DateMarch 1, 2000

17. Other Industry Standards Affected WAC 296-56 Longshore, Stevedore and Related Waterfront WAC 296-155 Construction WAC 296-307 Agriculture

18. WHY? • Since a large percentage of accidents and fatalities were due to operator inexperience, OSHA mandated that operators must be trained and competent.

19. Forklift FatalitiesBy Percentages

20. Forklift AccidentsBy Percentage

21. Overview of Requirements • Employers must ensure operators are: • Trained • Competent • Documented

22. Training Program Implementation 296-24-23025(2)(a) • (a) Trainees may operate a powered industrial truck only: • (i) under the direct supervision of persons who have the knowledge, training and experience to train operators and evaluate their competence; and • (ii) Where such operation does not endanger the trainee or other employees

23. 296-24-23025(2)(b) Training must consist of acombination of: • 1. Formal Instruction • 2. Practical Training • 3. Evaluation

24. Practical Training Practical Exercise by Student Instructor or designee Demonstration Example

25. Training Program Content

26. Training Program Content WAC 296-24-23025(3 • “… operators must receive initial training in the topics that follow, except in topics that the employer can demonstrate are not applicable to safe operation of the truck in the employer’s workplace.” (a) Truck-related topics (b) Workplace-related topics

27. Training Program Content Truck-related topics • General principles • Specific to type • Specific to forks or attachments

28. Overview of Truck-Related Topics • General principles • “Must receive” from -296-24-23025(3)(a): • Operation instructions, warnings, and precautions for the types of truck the operator will be authorized operate; • Differences between the truck and the automobile • Truck controls and instrumentation: where they are located, what they do, and how they work • Engine or motor operation • Steering & maneuvering

29. Overview of Truck-Related Topics -Continued 296-24-23025(3)(a) • Visibility • Fork and attachment adaptation, operation and use limitations • Vehicle capacity • Vehicle stability • Operator-performed inspection & maintenance • Refueling and/or battery charging • Operation limitations • Any other operation instructions, warning, or precautions

30. Overview of Truck-Related Topics - Continued • General principles • “Must receive” from -296-24-23025(3)(a) • Non-mandatory appendix at 296-24-23037 • Definitions related to stability • Basic principles • The Stability Triangle • Longitudinal Stability • Lateral Stability • Dynamic Stability

31. Truck-Related TopicsWhat each covers: • “Must receive” from WAC 296-24-23025(3)(a) • Fork and attachment adaptation, operation and use limitations • Non-mandatory appendix • How fork and attachment adaptations change the forklift’s steering characteristics and stability For Example:

32. Truck-Related Topics • “Must receive” from WAC296-24-23025(3)(a): • Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions for the types of truck the operator will be authorized to operate • General instructions for forklifts • General safety items • Listed in the operator’s manual

33. Example from an Operator’s Manual

34. Another Example from an Operator’s Manual

35. Truck-Related Topics • Differences between the truck and automobile • Suggested contents in non-mandatory appendix: 296-24-23037. • Rear wheel steering • Rear of truck swings out on turns • Truck has triangular stability, not four-point • Truck may have smaller size, but can have six times the weight!

37. Truck-Related Topics • Truck controls and instrumentation • where they are located • what they do • how they work

38. Truck-Related Topics • Engine or motor operation

39. Truck-Related Topics • Steering and maneuvering

40. Truck-Related Topics • Visibility (including restrictions due to loading)

41. Truck-Related Topics • Other items requiring training: • other attachments • carton grabbers • barrel grabbers • barrel grabbers which rotate

42. Truck-Related Topics • Changes in attachments • different capabilities of attachment: e.g. from single reach to double reach order picker • changes in operator controls • how change in attachment affects capacity • how change in attachment affects stability

43. Truck-Related Topics • Specific to forks or attachments

44. Truck-Related Topics • Specific to forks or attachments Another example from Operator’s Manual

45. Truck-Related Topics • Specific to forks or attachments

46. Truck-Related Topics • Vehicle capability • includes manufacturer’s plate • includes charts indicating de-rating at mast height, etc

47. The “Quick Check”on what the operator knows: Truck-related topics • Can read and explain entries on the name plate

48. The “Quick Check” on what the operator knows: • An older kind of plate:

49. The “Quick Check” on what the operator knows: • Again: Can they read and interpret?

50. The “Quick Check” on what the operator knows: Truck-related topics • Can read and explain entries on the name plate • Can locate, explain & interpret specification charts on capacity