CLIC Support to Collections 090908

1. CLIC Support to Collections 090908

2. Overview • Goal • Terms • Organic Assets • Principles • Process • Collection Operations Management

3. Intelligence Cycle

4. Goal of Collections • Further reduce uncertainty… • Enemy • Battlespace • Weather • Terrain • Operational Environment • Provide ACTIONABLE Intelligence ANSWER PIRs

5. Asset Resource Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIRs) Intelligence Requirement (IR) Priority Intelligence Requirement (PIR) Indicator Specific Information Requirement (SIR) Specific Order or Request (SOR) Validation Named Area of Interest (NAI) Collection Terms

6. MAGTF Collectors • BN Organic Assets • Scout Sniper Plt • Infantry Patrols (EMAC) • Raven/WASP • MAGTF • Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron (VMAQ) • Radio Battalion • CI/HUMINT Company • Ground Sensor Platoon • LAR Battalion • Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron • Shadow • Scan Eagle • Ground Combat Element Reconnaissance

7. Theater Collectors • Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) Common Ground Station (CGS) • Predator • P-3 AIP • ScatheView • Hunter • OGA • SOF

8. Collection Management Principles • Early involvement / anticipate • Prioritize requirements • Multi-discipline approach (Combined Arms) • Task organic assets first

9. Collection Management • A Process to: • Turns IRs into collection requirements • Establishing a priority • Tasking and/or coordinating with sources and agencies • Monitor results • Re-task Effectively collect all required intelligence while ensuring the best use of limited and valuable collection assets

10. Responsibilities • Bn S-2 plans and directs • CLIC Marines, in conjunction with their Company Commander, will inject requirements to the Battalion Collection Plan

11. Development Process Step 1 Derive NAIs Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

12. Intelligence Requirements • Intelligence Requirements (IR) • Gap in information • “Questions about the enemy and the environment, the answers to which a Commander requires to make a sound decision…MCWP 5-12C” • Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR) • Show Stopper • Effect the overall success of the mission

13. PIRs Cont. • PIRs are Intelligence Requirements which are critical to accomplishing the mission. • An often seen, but very poor, PIR is: • "Will the enemy attack? If so, where, when, and in what strength?" • Which of these four questions is the priority? • It assumes the intelligence staff knows absolutely nothing about the enemy situation • Using the IPB process, the CLIC can provide a more focused PIR

14. PIRs Cont. • Good PIRs have the following characteristics: • Ask only one question • Are tied to mission planning, decisionmaking, and execution • Focus on a specific fact, event, or activity • Contain geographic and time elements to limit the scope of the requirement • Well crafted, focused PIRs; • “Determine if the enemy will use a complex attack on our Quick Reaction Forces supporting IED cordons during the upcoming mission.” • “Determine if the enemy will use the wadi systems to the north of our AO to resupply their forces in the city during the hours of darkness.”

15. Indicator Development • Indicators provide positive or negative evidence of threat activity • Must be focused and specific • Determine probable enemy COA adoption • Don’t overlook value of negative results • Further investigation of a branch COA • Indicators are typically stated in general terms • “forward deployment of artillery” • “absence of people in market”

16. Named Areas of Interest • Named Area of Interest (NAI) • Geographic area where activity is expected to occur that will confirm or deny an enemy COA • Usually tied to indicators • Activity, or lack of, may trigger a decision point or fires on a particular target of interest.

17. NAI F-01 TF 1-9IN TF 1/6 MAR NAI F-02 NAI E-01 NAI F-04 NAI E-04 FOX Co NAI F-03 NAI E-03 NAI F-06 NAI F-05 NAI E-02 NAI C-02 ECHO Co NAI E-05 C 3/69 NAI C-01 NAI G-03 NAI G-02 NAI E-06 NAI G-05 NAI G-01 NAI G-04 NAI G-06 NAI E-07 GOLF Co Possible Safehaven JSS/ COPs OPs NAI G-07 NAI G-08 NAI

18. Develop SIRs • SIRs are the observable or “collectible” bits of information • One PIR can render multiple SIRs • Describes • Information required • Location where information can be collected • Timeframe when it can be collected

19. Develop SIRs • Should address key reconnaissance or security tasks • Goal is to fill known gaps in information • Translates how the Company Commander envisions taking the fight to the enemy in the form of purpose/intent

20. Develop SORs • Specific Order or Request • Well-written SIRs are easily transferred into a directive • SORs sent to subordinates are ORDERS • SORs sent to higher are REQUESTS • Submit SORs with enough latitude to complete collection requirement, and possibly exploit other opportunities • One SIR can lead to several SORs

21. SIR/SOR Example

22. These are your operations Actions, activities, events, personnel – your analysis These are your answers This comes from higher Tell Marines what to look for – be specific Orders and/or Requests SOR SIR SOR PIR Indicators & NAIs` SIR Indicators SOR PIR SIR SIR SOR Indicators & NAIs ` Indicators SIR SOR SIR Collections Development

23. Asset / Resource Selection Factors • Now…Must determine best assets and resources • Three Basic Factors • Availability • Capability • Physically and technically capable • Key elements, WET of target. • Suitability (or Feasibility) • High confidence level of successfully completing the mission • Range, dwell time, timeliness

24. Intelligence Collection Planning • Collection plan developed from unanswered RFIs. • Hard/Soft • Collection Plan: • IRs • Indicators • SIRs • Assets/Resources to be employed • Reporting Criteria • Remarks

25. FROM: TO: FROM: TO: FROM: TO: FROM: TO: Collection Management Worksheet COLLECTION PLAN PERIOD COVERED: FROM TO UNIT: HOUR AND DESTINATION OF REPORTS AGENCIES TO BE EMPLOYED PRIORITY INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS INDICATORS (ANALYSIS OF INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS) AVENUE OF APPROACH COORDINATES: REMARKS MOBILITY COORIDOR NUMBER: FORCERECON DIV RECON NATIONAL THEATRE TIME SPECIFIC INFORMATION OR REQUESTS OBSERVED TIME DISTANCE NAI RADBN ATARS VMAQ TOPO GSP UAV FIIU ITT NET NLT CI AGENCIES TO BE EMPLOYED AVENUE OF APPROACH COORDINATES: FORCERECON MOBILITY COORIDOR NUMBER: DIV RECON NATIONAL THEATRE Briefly state specific Information to be sought that will substantiate each indication DISTANCE TIME SPECIFIC INFORMATION OR REQUESTS OBSERVED TIME RADBN ATARS VMAQ TOPO NAI GSP UAV FIIU ITT CI NET NLT Specific information needs become the basis for orders and requests to collect information List all available units that can be employed in the collection of required information Place an X under each unit that can acquire the specific information sought. Circle the X under the unit actually assigned collection action.

26. Tasking and Requesting • Tasking Organic • Requesting Higher/Adjacent • Formats standardized in Theater

27. Asset Tasking • Several key considerations • Clear communications • Suitable resources to accomplish the mission • Sustainability • Monitoring progress

28. Tasking Considerations • As the enemy adjusts his operations to counter our actions, we must: • Adjust our focus to look for and identify new patterns • Attack those patterns • The CLIC must be prepared to adjust the focus as required to ensure the company is collecting the most relevant data.

29. Task Organic or Supporting Resources • Should be considered first • Direct control • Understanding capabilities/limitations • Generally no reserve

30. Requesting Collection Support from External Forces • IRs often require external resources • Often more capable, but… • Possible competing requirements • Lack of authority • Limited control

31. Tasking Subordinate Elements • Marines not assigned to an intelligence collection unit can provide valuable info • Mission tasking goes to the unit selected • Unit decides how and when equipment and personnel are to employ

32. Cueing • Using one or more ISR assets to direct the employment of another collector • Planned • Dynamic • Coordinate Intel with other operations

33. Mix • Complementary coverage by assets of different disciplines on the same target • Increase probability of collection • Reduce deception • Facilitates cueing • More complete reporting • Puts the enemy in a dilemma

34. Integration • Resource management of collection strategy development • Integrating new requirements into planned or ongoing collections • Helps to avoid under-tasking

35. Coordination • Intelligence Synchronization matrix used to coordinate collection • Backward planning from results desired • Development of SIRs from approved PIR/IRs

36. Supervision • Doesn’t end with issuing SORs • Monitoring • Ensure IR/PIRs are being satisfied • Evaluating • Tracks the status of Collections • Completeness • Clarity • Adherence to reporting criteria • Responsiveness to users needs • ID Cueing opportunities • Updating • Based on Consumers satisfaction

37. Factors • Terrain • Weather • Threat • Coordinate with Maneuver and Fires • Communications and Information Systems • Combat Service Support Availability

38. Review • Goal • Terms • Organic Assets • Principles • Process

39. Questions