Keystone Review – Genes and Proteins Synthesis

1. Keystone Review – Genes and Proteins Synthesis • B – a gene holds the information for assembling a polypeptide, a chain of amino acids. • A – DNA codon ACA is complementary to UGU, ATG is complementary UAC, TTT to AAA, ACG to UGC and TTG to AAC. • D – Complementary anticodon sequence that binds to the mRNA codon AAG. • C – Ribosomes join amino acids to from protein chains. Ribosomes are not required to separate DNA strands, synthesize mRNA, or bind tRNA to amino acids. • B – The protein is assembled in the rough ER, transported to the Golgi apparatus via a vesicle, and secreted from the cell via another vesicle.

2. Keystone Review – Genes and Proteins Synthesis Constructed Response Question A. You answer should include two of the following: • Both transcription and translation involve the transfer of genetic information from one form to another. • Both involve enzymes that join monomers (nucleotides and amino acids) to form polymers (mRNA and protein). • Both rely on complementary base pairing (mRNA with DNA and tRNA with mRNA). • Both rely on functions carried out RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)

3. Keystone Review – Genes and Proteins Synthesis Constructed Response Question B. Transcription takes place in the nucleus while translation takes place in the nucleus while translation takes place at the ribosome in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. Transcription produces mRNA from nucleotides while translation produces protein or polypeptide chains from amino acids.

4. Keystone Review – Genes and Proteins Synthesis Constructed Response Question C. Proteins that will be used within the cell are synthesized by the loose ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Proteins that are to be secreted are synthesized by ribosomes bound to the rough ER.