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Exploring Cell Structure & Function: A Comprehensive Guide

Dive into the intricate world inside the cell, from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells, exploring nuclei, ribosomes, organelles, and the dynamic cytoskeleton. Understand how structure correlates with function and the molecular mechanisms of cellular transportation and communication. Learn about gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, archaea, and the roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. Discover the intricate network of the endomembrane system and the significance of the cell wall. Unravel the complexities of cell dynamics and the interplay of genes, environment, and development in cell behavior.

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Exploring Cell Structure & Function: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Inside the Cell 7.1 What’s Inside the Cell? Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells • The Nucleus • Ribosomes • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Peroxisomes • Lysosomes • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts • Cytoskeleton • The Cell Wall How Does Cell Structure Correlate with Function? The Dynamic Cell

  2. 7.2 The Nuclear Envelope: Transport Into and Out of the Nucleus How Are Molecules Imported into the Nucleus? How Are Molecules Exported from the Cell 7.3 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Shipping Proteins Entering the Endomembrane System: The Signal Hypothesis Getting from the ER to the Golgi What Happens Inside the Golgi Apparatus? How are Products Shipped from the Golgi?

  3. 7.4 The Dynamic Cytoskeleton Actin Filaments Intermediate Filaments Microtubules • Studying Vesicle Transport • Microtubules Act as “Railroad Tracks” • A Motor Protein Generates Motile Forces Cilia and Flagella: Moving the Entire Cell • How Are Cilia and Flagella Constructed? • A Motor Protein in the Axoneme

  4. KEY CONCEPTS • The structure of cell components is closely correlated with their function. • Inside cells, materials are transported to their destinations using molecular “zip codes.” • Cells are complex, dynamic ever-changing factories, each with their own particular program that depends on their own genes, surroundings and developmental history.

  5. KEY CONCEPTS • Cells are dynamic. Thousands of chemical reactions occur each second within cells; molecules constantly enter and exit across the plasma membrane; cell products are shipped along protein fibers; and elements of the cell’s internal skeleton grow and shrink.

  6. Prokaryotic Cells Gram positive bacteria: single cell membrane with thick peptidoglycan (Staph; strep) Gram negative bacteria: double cell membrane with single layer of peptidoglycan between (E. coli; Pseudomonas; Vibrio cholera) Archaea: third biological kingdom – adaptations to withstand major stresses of pH and temperature; more like eukaryotes in their informational machinery (ribosomes, RNA synthesis, etc.)

  7. Eukaryotic Cells

  8. The Nucleus

  9. Mitochondria: cellular power plants

  10. Chloroplasts, for photosynthesis in plants

  11. Plant Cell Walls

  12. Cell Structure-Function Relationships

  13. The Dynamic Cell Tools for understanding cell components and structure-function relationships: Ultracentrifugation, fluorescent and dye labeling,

  14. 7.2 The Nuclear Envelope: Transport Into and Outof the Nucleus

  15. 7.3 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Shipping Proteins

  16. Entering the Endomembrane System:

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