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Birth & the Newborn Baby

Birth & the Newborn Baby. Dennis H. Karpowitz Psychology 333 Child Psychology. Head down for birth. Signs of Impeding Birth. False labor or prelabor - weeks before 2 weeks before - head drops Hormones initiate labor process Bloody show - cervix widens. Stage 1 Labor.

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Birth & the Newborn Baby

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  1. Birth & the Newborn Baby • Dennis H. Karpowitz • Psychology 333 • Child Psychology

  2. Head down for birth

  3. Signs of Impeding Birth • False labor or prelabor - weeks before • 2 weeks before - head drops • Hormones initiate labor process • Bloody show - cervix widens

  4. Stage 1 Labor • Longest stage - 12-14 hrs 1st, 4-6 hrs 2nd+ • Dilation & effacement of the cervix • Uterine contractions, forceful & regular • Cervix opens completely

  5. Stage 2 Delivery • 50 min. 1st, 20 min 2nd+ • Mother pushes baby down & out • Episiotomy • Baby’s head crowns • The baby is born

  6. Stage 3 Placenta • 5-10 minutes • Final contractions cause the placentato separate from the uterine wall &be delivered • Umbilical cord clamped and cut

  7. Hollywood picture of a birth

  8. Actual picture at birth

  9. Baby’s Adaptation to Birth • Contractions release stress hormones • Extra blood to brain and heart • Breathing readiness increased • Increases alertness

  10. Newborn’s Appearance • Average 20” & 7 lbs. • Boys slightly longer & heavier • Head large, limbs short • Round face, chubby cheeks, largeforeheads and big eyes • Rashes from hormones & plugged ducts

  11. Apgar Scale (0, 1, 2) • Heart Rate: 0 - <100 - 100-140 • Respiration: 0, irregular, strong + crying • Reflex Irritability: none, weak, strong • Muscle Tone: limp, weak, strong • Color: blue, pink body & blue arms,all pink • Measured 1 and 5 minutes after birth

  12. Apgar Totals • 7 – 10 Healthy, no intervention necessary • 4-6 Caution, some intervention necessary • Help breathing necessary • 1-3 Immediate life saving intervention necessary

  13. Childbirth Practices • Hospital – Least family conducive, improving - Best medical care • Birthing Centers – More family conducive - Some medical care • At home - Most family centered - Little or no medical care • Doulas, coaches, midwives and physicians

  14. Natural Childbirth • Classes and Education • Relaxation and breathing techniques • Training of labor coaches • Sitting up vs. lying down • Less pain, more social support

  15. Birthing Chair

  16. Medical Interventions During Birth • Fetal Monitoring • Medication • 80-95% of deliveries • Anagesics: releave pain, relax mother • Anesthetics - block sensation • Example: Epidural anesthesia – slows delivery • Medication effects baby

  17. Instrument Delivery • Forceps - metal clamps • Vacuum extractor • 12% U.S., 5% Europe

  18. Induced labor • Break amnion sack • Give hormones such as synthetic oxytocin • Used to help stressed mother or baby • Stimulates contractions • Contractions longer, harder, closer together • Greater use of instruments

  19. Cesarean Delivery • Surgical birth • 25% in US, 2004, highest in the world • May not always be warranted • Labor failure, size of baby & mother • Baby more sleepy & unresponsive

  20. Healthy Babies • By far the most common (@ 95%) • 2% < 32 weeks, 1.47% < 3lbs 4 oz (2004) • Increase probability of a healthy infant: • Avoid teratogens • Eat a healthy diet of nutritious foods • Engage in regular, moderate exercise • Minimize stress • Have regular prenatal checkups • Don’t be too young or too old

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