INTRODUCTION (1)

THREE DECADES OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION TOOLS AT INA HYDRAULICS LABAngel MenéndezINA (National Institute for Water)Argentina

INTRODUCTION (1) “Computational Hydraulics Program” at INA-Hydraulics Laboratory: development and application of numerical simulation tools: • 70’s: Pujol, Dolinkue • 80’s: Funai, Carreras, Vionnet, Cavaliere, Marazzi • 90’s: Bombardelli, Vilela, Tarela, Jaime

INTRODUCTION (2) • Development has been problem-driven • Until the 80’s: Hydraulic Engineering • 90’s: + Environmental Engineering • 2000’s: + Climate Change

LINES OF WORK Hydrodynamics Sediment Dynamics Pollutant dynamics Heat Dynamics Present lines of work CONCLUSIONS

HYDRODYNAMICS Flood routing Water currents in shallow water Wave transformation in the coastal zone

SEDIMENT DYNAMICS River, estuarine and reservoir bottom morphology Sedimentation in navigation channels Turbidity plumes

POLLUTANT DYNAMICS Contamination by point sources Pollutant balance

HEAT DYNAMICS Thermal contamination Thermal stratification

PRESENT LINES OF WORK Density currents and stratification Pollutant transport (sediment, substances, heat) Evolution of river margins Climate change

Flood routing PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Risk assessment for flood due to natural or anthropogenic causes • Design of flood control structures • Forecast for flood warning systems

Flood routing MATHEMATICAL MODEL 1D Hydrodynamic Model: Saint Venant equations

Flood routing NUMERICAL METHOD Implicit finite difference scheme (Preissmann)

Flood routing SOFTWARE From EZEIZA III (1974) to EZEIZA V (1989)

Flood routing APPLICATIONS Systematization of Reconquista River (1989) Hydrologic Warning System of Paraná River (1997)

Water currents in shallow waters PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Diagnosis for river bottom and margins erosion • Dimensioning of bottom or margin protection works • Design of hydraulic structures • Input for maintenance dredging calculations

Water currents in shallow waters MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Horizontal Hydrodynamic Model: Shallow water equations

Water currents in shallow waters NUMERICAL METHOD Implicit alternating direction finite difference scheme (Leenderste type)

Water currents in shallow waters SOFTWARE HIDROBID II (1985)

Water currents in shallow waters APPLICATIONS Construction of Yacyretá Dam (1987) Hydrologic impact of physical connections across river valleys (ENIEF’2001) Río de la Plata dynamics (1986, 1999)

Wave transformation in the coastal zone PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Diagnosis for coastal erosion • Design and dimensioning of coastal protection works • Design of harbour layout to minimize wave energy

Wave transformation in the coastal zone MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Horizontal Hydrodynamic Model: Mild slope equation

Wave transformation in the coastal zone NUMERICAL METHOD Finite element-boundary element method (Berkhoff)

Wave transformation in the coastal zone SOFTWARE DIFRAC (1986)

Wave transformation in the coastal zone APPLICATIONS Design, optimization, and analysis of Caleta Paula harbour (90’s) Protection works against ship waves at Argentine Yatch Club (ENIEF’2000, IJCFD) Reconfiguration of Rawson harbour (2000)

River, estuarine and reservoir bottom morphology PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Diagnosis of observerd erosion or sedimentation problems • Prognosis of future bottom evolution due to projected hydraulic works • Design of bottom protection works

River, estuarine and reservoir bottom morphology MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Horizontal Sedimentologic Model:

River, estuarine and reservoir bottom morphology NUMERICAL METHOD Explicit finite difference scheme

River, estuarine and reservoir bottom morphology SOFTWARE SEDIMBID (1997)

River, estuarine and reservoir bottom morphology APPLICATIONS Diagnosis of erosion of Paraná River bottom at the crossing section of the Mesopotamiam Gasoduct (1997) Sedimentation of Río de la Plata bottom due to construction of Buenos Aires-Colonia physical connection (2000)

Sedimentation in navigation channels PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Evaluation of alternative alignments of navigation channels • Prognosis of maintenance dredging • Planification of dredging operations for economical optimization

Sedimentation in navigation channels MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Vertical Sedimentologic Model:

Sedimentation in navigation channels NUMERICAL METHOD Finite element method

Sedimentation in navigation channels SOFTWARE AGRADA (1990)

Sedimentation in navigation channels APPLICATIONS Deepening of Bahía Blanca navigation channels (1991) Deepening of Santa Fe to the Ocean navigation route (1991)

Turbidity plumes PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Evaluation of alternative sites for sediment dumping to minimize environmental impact or backfill • Definition of mixing zones

Turbidity plumes MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Horizontal Sedimentologic Model:

Turbidity plumes NUMERICAL METHOD Lagrangian, parametric treatment

Turbidity plumes SOFTWARE MANCHAS (1988)

Turbidity plumes APPLICATIONS Backfill effects in Santa Fe to the Ocean navigation route (1992) Environmental impact of deepening Santa Fe to the Ocean navigation route (1994)

Contamination by point sources PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Diagnosis of point sources effects on quality of receiving water body • Evaluation of alternative discharge sites • Definition of mixing zones

Contamination by point sources MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Horizontal Sedimentologic Model:

Contamination by point sources NUMERICAL METHOD Lagrangian, parametric treatment

Contamination by point sources SOFTWARE MANCHAS (1988)

Contamination by point sources APPLICATIONS Diagnosis of contamination in the Río de la Plata by discharge through Berazategui outfall (1989) Diagnosis of contamination in Bahía Blanca by domestic discharge (1994) Diagnosis of contamination in the Río de la Plata by “Capital” outfall (1999)

Pollutant balance PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Identification of pollution sources and quantification of magnitude their contribution • Evaluation of global impact of each source • Definition of management options

Pollutant balance MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D HorizontalTransport Model:

Pollutant balance SOFTWARE WASP 5 (USEPA)

Pollutant balance APPLICATIONS Nutrients balance in the Inner Río de la Plata (2001)

Thermal contamination PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS • Evaluation of alternative discharge sites • Definition of mixing zones • Prognosis of heat short-cuts in power stations refrigeration systems

Thermal contamination MATHEMATICAL MODEL 2D Horizontal Transport Model:

INTRODUCTION (1)

INTRODUCTION (1)

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