Animal Book

1. Kortny Case Animal Book

2. Kingdom Animalia All members are multicellular and all are heterotrophs (rely directly or indirectly on other organisms for their nourishments). Most animals reproduce sexually. Most animals are capable of complex and relatively rapid movements. All animal cells lack a rigid cell wall.

3. Phylum Porifera Common characteristics: Sponges are primarily marine and have pores that help water pass through. Body symmetry: Sponges are either radically symmetrical or asymmetrical. Common body parts: A skeleton made of protein, collagen, and spicules. Major organ systems: Phagocytosis. Method of fertilization: Internal

4. Phylum Cnidaria Common characteristics: Have 2 or 3 layers, swim/float to get around. Body symmetry: Medusae-umbrella shaped, Polyps-tubular body. Common body parts: Tentacles. Major organ systems: Gastrovascularcavity-mouth and anus. Method of fertilization: Internal.

5. Phylum Platyhelminthes Common characteristics: Movement controlled by longitudinal, circular, and oblique layers of muscle. Body symmetry: Have 3 germ layers. Common body parts: Lack a respiratory system. Major organ systems: Cephalized nervous system. Method of fertilization: Internal.

6. Phylum Nematoda Common characteristics: Move by contraction of the longitudinal muscles. Body symmetry: Worm-like, surrounded by a strong, flexible noncellular layer called a cuticle. Common body parts: Do not have flame cells. Major organ systems: Specialized cells that excrete nitrogenous wastes. Method of fertilization: External.

7. Phylum Annelida Common characteristics: Annelids are schizocoelous and have a large and well-developed true coelum. Body symmetry: Made up of segments that are formed by subdivisions that partially transect the body cavity. Common body parts: Annelids. Major organ systems: Annelids also. Method of fertilization: Internal.

8. Phylum Echinodermata Common characteristics: Larvae range from a few millimeters to a few decimeters. Body symmetry: Sessile but able to move. Common body parts: Ambiculacra-grooves with rows of podia extending from the mouth. Major organ systems: Non-centralized nervous system. Method of fertilization: External.

9. Phylum Mollusca Common characteristics: Structure of the nervous system. Body symmetry: Varied range of body structure. Common body parts: A mantle with a significant cavity used for breathing and excretion. Major organ systems: Hemocoel-blood circulates and encloses most of the other internal organs. Method of fertilization: External.

10. Phylum Arthropoda Common characteristics: Strongly segmented bodies, some segments are fused to form specialized body regions called tagmata. Body symmetry: Body is covered with an exoskeleton made up primarily of chitin. Common body parts: Exoskeleton. Major organ systems: Circulatory system. Method of fertilization: Internal in most groups.

11. Phylum Chordata Common characteristics: Have a notochord-a rod that extends most of the length of the body. Body symmetry: Bilateral, segmented body and muscles. Common body parts: Hollow nerve cord. Major organ systems: Digestive system. Method of fertilization: External.