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Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties & Applications

Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties & Applications. Chapter 5. Ferrous metals and alloys. Among the most useful of all metals Contain iron as their base metal Carbon and alloy steels Stainless steels Tool & die steels Cast irons Cast steels.

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Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties & Applications

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  1. Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties & Applications Chapter 5

  2. Ferrous metals and alloys • Among the most useful of all metals • Contain iron as their base metal • Carbon and alloy steels • Stainless steels • Tool & die steels • Cast irons • Cast steels

  3. Steel (What is the definition?) A ferrous alloy, as simple as a mixture of iron and carbon, but also containing a number of alloying elements to impart various properties

  4. TABLE 5.1 Applications for Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels

  5. Examples of ferrous alloy uses • Sheet steel for automobiles, appliances, containers • Plates for boilers, ships, bridges • Structural steel such as I-beams, axles, bar products, railroad ties, crankshafts • Tools, dies and molds • Rods and wire for fasteners such a s bolts, rivets, nuts, and staples • The average US passenger vehicle contains about 2700 lb of steel (60% of its weight)

  6. Designations for steel • AISI and SAE designate carbon and alloy steels using 4 digits. • The first two digits indicate the alloying elements and their percentages • The last two digits indicate the carbon content by weight • ASTM has another designation system

  7. UNS (Unified Numbering System) is the present system • Letter gives the general class of alloy • G- ANSI and SAE carbon steels • J- Cast steels • K-Miscellaneous steels and ferrous alloys • S-stainless steels • T-tool steels • 5 digit number gives chemical composition

  8. Carbon Steels • Classified by their proportion (by weight) of carbon content • Low-carbon steel or mild steel (<.30% Carbon) • Medium-carbon steel (0.3%<Carbon<0.6%) • High-carbon steel(>0.6% Carbon) • Resulfurized carbon steels • Alloy steels – steels containing significant amounts of alloying elements

  9. TABLE 5.2 Typical Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels

  10. Stainless Steels • Corrosion resistance • High strength • High ductility • High chromium content • “They are called STAINLESS because, in the presence of oxygen (air), they develop a thin, hard, adherent film of chromium oxide that protects the metal from corrosion.”

  11. TABLE 5.5 Mechanical Properties and Typical Applications of Selected Annealed Stainless Steels at Room Temperature

  12. Tool and Die Steels • Specially alloyed steels designed for • High strength • Impact toughness • Wear resistance at room & elevated temperatures • Used in forming & machining metals

  13. TABLE 5.6 Basic Types of Tool and Die Steels

  14. TABLE 5.7 Processing and Service Characteristics of Common Tool and Die Steels

  15. TABLE 5.8 Typical Tool and Die Materials for Metalworking Processes

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