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HV-LV Solutions for RPC's in the LHC Experiments

This paper discusses the HV-LV requirements for the RPC sub-detectors in the LHC experiments and proposes different solutions and costs. It also includes tests of the SASY 2000 prototypes and the design of cables and connectors.

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HV-LV Solutions for RPC's in the LHC Experiments

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  1. A. Boiano1, F. Loddo2, P. Paolucci1, D. Piccolo1, A. Ranieri2 1) I.N.F.N. of Naples, 2) I.N.F.N. of Bari RPC’s HV-LV project I.N.F.N. Naples • Introduction • HV and LV requirements • Solutions and costs • USC and UXC space • Conclusions • SASY 2000 prototypes tests • cables and connectors Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  2. Introduction I I.N.F.N. Naples • The RPCs sub-detectors of the LHC experiments will be for the first time equipped with a large part of the HV-LV system placed in a not “accessible” area. • In CMS part of the systems will be placed around the detector; on the balconies. • For this reason they will work in a very hard conditions for the high magnetic field and high radiation environment. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  3. Introduction II I.N.F.N. Naples • The starting idea for both ATLAS and CMS is to split in two the HV and LV systems for the RPC detector: • LOCAL:Central system (mainframes) placed in control room; • REMOTE:distribution system placed around the detector and consisting of a crate housing both the HV and LV boards. • For both the systems we are working with the CMS sub-detectors looking forward for common solutions. • A common project (SASY 2000) to design an HV-LV system is going on between the ATLAS and CMS RPC groups and the CAEN company. • More and different solutions are under study by the CMS RPC group. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  4. RB3 and RB4 Bigap RB2/3 RB1 and RB2/2 Bigap Bigap Bigap Bigap Bigap Bigap Bigap Bigap ALV2 DLV2 ALV1 DLV1 HV1 HV2 HV1 HV2 ALV1,ALV2,ALV3 DLV1,DLV2,DLV3 detector description I I.N.F.N. Naples There are 3 different kind of chambers with 2 or 3 bigaps and equipped with 6 or 12 or 18 Front-End Boards ALV1 DLV1 ALV2 DLV2 HV1 HV2 HV1 HV2 HV3 Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  5. detector description II I.N.F.N. Naples RB1/RB2in RPC chamber Front-End Bigap Distrib. board Bigap ALV1 DLV1 ALV2 DLV2 ALV Analog Voltage = 7V Absorb (6FEBs)= 0.42 A DLV DigitalVoltage = 7V Absorb (6FEBs)= 0.9 A I2C input LV+I2C FEB out LV in Distributes analog and digital LV It supplies LV power to 3 FEB chains It supplies the I2C main line from LB and one backup line from DT. Total power/(ALV+DLV) ch.:1.32 A * 7 V = 9.24 W Expected Power 120 W/sector 7.2 kW/Barrel Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  6. 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps LVA channel LVD channel HV channel HV-LV schema for a Barrel sector I.N.F.N. Naples 78 FEBs = 13 ALV+13DLV ch. 17 bi-gaps = 34 HV ch. DT chamber 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 2+2 LV RB4 4+4 HV DT chamber 4+4 HV 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps RB3 2+2 LV 6+6+6 FEBs / 3 bi-gaps 6 LV 6 HV DT chamber RB2 4 LV 4 HV 4 LV 4 HV DT chamber RB1 4 LV 4 HV 2 bi-gaps = 96 strips = 6 FEBs 12 sectors * 5 wheels = 60 sectors Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  7. System requirements I I.N.F.N. Naples • General requirements: • system working in high magnetic field; • system working in an high radiation environment; • local system in control room + distributed remote systems on the detector; • low voltage (48 Volts CMS common solution) running from the local to the remote system; • HV floating channel (12KV–1mA); • LV floating channel (7V ana/dig 0.42A/0.9A x 6 FEBs); Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  8. System requirementsII I.N.F.N. Naples • Control and monitoring system requirements: • Common hardware and software (PVSS II)solution; • Detailed control/monitoring of the remote channels: • voltage/current and temperature • protections, errors and hard-reset for communication lost. • An independent way to control it (telnet/eternet....) • Design requirements: • Possibility to easily increase the HV granularity; • Possibility to easily fix RPC problems: • disconnect high-current/sparking gap/bi-gaps; • modify the HV map in order to group bi-gaps with same working point; • Possibility to measure the RPC working-point in standalone. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  9. HV-LV system design I.N.F.N. Naples • Now we will analyze different HV and LV designs in order to reduce to cost of the system preserving the requirement already analyzed and the trigger functionality: • 1 HV/bigap2 LV/6FEBs; FULL OPTION • 1 HV/chamber 2 LV/chamber; CHAMBER OPTION • 1 HV/station 2 LV/station; STATION OPTION • Then we will analyze two different solutions for both the HV and LV system based on the idea to have a local and remote system or to have the whole system in control room. • HV in control room HV-CR • HV on the detector HV-DET • LV in control room LV-CR • LV on the detector LV-DET Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  10. 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps LVA channel LVD channel HV channel HV-LV schema for FULL option I.N.F.N. Naples 26 LV channels 17 HV channels 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 2+2 LV RB4 2+2 HV 2+2 HV 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps RB3 2+2 LV 6+6+6 FEBs / 3 bi-gaps 6 LV 3 HV RB2 4 LV 2 HV 4 LV 2 HV RB1 4 LV 2 HV FULL option for HV Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  11. Numbers for the FULL option I.N.F.N. Naples The RPC chambers have been designed with 2 gaps, of adjacent bi-gaps, connected to the same HV channel, in order to reduce the number ofHV channels preserving the number of station available for the muon trigger Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  12. LVA channel LVD channel HV channel HV-LV schema for CHAMBER option I.N.F.N. Naples 16 LV channels 8 HV channels 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 2+2 LV RB4 1+1 HV 1+1 HV 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps RB3 2+2 LV 6+6+6 FEBs / 3 bi-gaps 2 LV 1 HV RB2 2 LV 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 1 HV 2 LV 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 1 HV RB1 2 LV 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 1 HV CHAMBER option for HV Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  13. Numbers for the CHAMBER option I.N.F.N. Naples • TheCHAMBERsolution is based on: • 1 HV channel per chamber • 2 LV channels (ALV, DLV) per chamber • going from 1020 to 480 HV ch. and from 1560 to 960 LV ch. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  14. LVA channel LVD channel HV channel HV-LV schema for STATION option I.N.F.N. Naples 12 LV channels 6 HV channels 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 2 LV RB4 1 HV 1 HV 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps RB3 2 LV 6+6+6 FEBs / 3 bi-gaps 2 LV 1 HV RB2 2 LV 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 1 HV 2 LV 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 1 HV RB1 2 LV 6+6 FEBs / 2 bi-gaps 1 HV STATION option for HV Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  15. Numbers for the STATION option I.N.F.N. Naples • TheSTATIONsolution is based on: • 1 HV channel per station • 2 LV channels (ALV, DLV) per station • going from 1020 to 432 HV ch. and from 1560 to 720 LV ch. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  16. More numbers about HV and LV I.N.F.N. Naples • Looking at different solutions seems to be reasonable to have the following crate/board design: • HV board with 6 ch.(12 KV / 1 mA) 3 slots width; • LV board with 12 ch.(7 V / 3.2 A) 3 slots width; • 6U standard Eurocard crate housing up to 6 HV/LV boards. • What do we have in the Station option ?: • 1 HV board/sector  60 HV boards • 1 LV board/sector  60 LV boards • The number of crates depends on where they will be dislocated and so are different in the Detector/Control Room solutions Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  17. Detector and Control Room option I.N.F.N. Naples Looking at our requirements seems to be clear that should be more convenient to have the HV system in control room and the LV on the detector but in any case we have analyzed both the solutions in order to have a complete picture of the systems. • What does mean Detector and Control Room • Detector: in this case we can put the HV/LV crates on the racks placed on the balconies (4 per wheel) • Control room: the crate are in the USC zone(150 meters far from the detector). Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  18. HV on the detector I.N.F.N. Naples 60-80 HV boards placed in 20 crates (1 per balcony) No easy access, no way to disconnect a bigap, difficult upgrade Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  19. HV in Control Room I.N.F.N. Naples 60 HV boards placed in 10 crates 60 long cables (130 mt), double patch panels Easy operation on HV (bigap, chamber....) Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  20. LV on the detector I.N.F.N. Naples 60LV boards placed in 20 crates (1 per balcony) Power consumption: board (12 ch.)  116 W crate (3 boards.)  350 W wheel (4 crates)  1400W Total  7000 W Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  21. HV control room HV on detector HV and LV cost estimation I.N.F.N. Naples • The total costs of the systems are calculated using a spreadsheet having as inputs the following items: • number of: connectors, cables, patch panels, boards, crates, controllers and mainframes • cable length and installation costs • cost of each of those items We have used the following prices (Euro): 3500 HV board, 2500 LV boards, 1500 crates, 3500 branch contr, 10K mainframe. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  22. HV and LV cost comment I.N.F.N. Naples • The difference in price between the two solutions, after the HV and LV descoping, is of about 50K€ that is not enough to push forward the HV on the detector. • Have the HV in Control Room means: • Possibility to disconnect an high-current or sparking bigaps without switching of the other bigap; • Increase the granularity when more HV boards will be available; • Increase the number of HV channel when/if some station will drawn to much current. • We hope to increase asap the number of HV boards from 60 to 80 in order to decoupling the RB3 and RB4 stations. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  23. Space in UXC and USC I.N.F.N. Naples • UXC space – DETECTOR option: • HV per balcony  1 crate + 1 patch panel = 7 + 4 U • LV per balcony  1 crate = 7 U • TOTALper balcony = 18 U • UXC space – Control Room option: • HV per balcony  1 patch panel = 4 U • LV per balcony  1 crate = 7 U • TOTAL per balcony = 11 U • USC space – Control Room option: • HV: 1 mainframe + 10 crates + 20 patch panel = 7 + 70 + 100 U • 1 rack (35U)/wheel TOTAL = 177 U Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  24. Conclusions I.N.F.N. Naples • We have designed a reduced HV and LV systems for budget limitation, keeping our requirements, consisting of: • HV: from 1020 to 432  60 boards  20/10 crates • LV: from 1560 to 720  60 boards  20 crates • They cost now: 220K€ (LV) + 400/450 K€ (HV) • We hope to upgrade the HV system as soon as possible at least to decoupling the RB3 and RB4 stations. • The two option (Detector and Control Room) has a price difference of about 50K€. • The HV in Control Room is a much better solution from any point of view. • The system design will be discussed at I.N.F.N. next week and so we hope to have a final decision for that time. • We need to have a prototype for the 2003 in order to put the order in the 2004. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  25. SASY2000 project for RPC I I.N.F.N. Naples Electronic house 1 1 From 1 to 16 Branch controller 4 4 All independent floating channels Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  26. SASY2000 project for RPC II I.N.F.N. Naples Detector region Electronic house 4 8 … 16 HV #1 HV #2 Branch controller #1 Complex ch. 1 LV #1 LV #4 256 Remote boards Branch controller #2 HV #1023 HV #1024 Complex ch. 512 … … … 256 LV #2047 LV #2048 Branch controller #16 What do we need ?? 26 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1560 LV 17 ch * 12 sect * 5 wheels = 1020 HV One mainframe is enough for the barrel The remote board has 2 Complex ch. each equipped with:2 HV ch and 4 LV ch. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  27. RPC HV-LV prototype SASY2000 I.N.F.N. Naples • The HV-LV CAEN functional prototype consists of:1 HV board, 3 LV board and 1 controller. • The prototype has been split in three pieces, following the “logical separation” of the system, in order to study the functionality of every single piece and component. The final HV-LV board will have 2 complex channel each with 2 HV+ 4 LV floating channels. It will be 6U high and 2 slots width. After the tests the factory will begin to design the final board integrating all these components in a single 6U – 2 slots boards. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  28. Test performed I.N.F.N. Naples SASY 2000 prototype • The HV-LV prototype 0 consists of:1 HV board (SA2001), 3 LV boards (SA2002) and 1 controller. • It has been split in three pieces, following a “logical separation” of the system, in order to study the functionality of every single piece and component. • The following tests has been performed on both the prototypes and will be repeated for the final boards: • Magnetic field test up to 7 KGauss (at CERN) (results shown by CAEN at CERN in May 2002) • Radiation testup to 10 LHC eq-years (at Louvain La Neuve) (results shown) • Test on the RPC to study the noise condition (to be performed at the test station in Bari); • High Stress Testto study the system under very hard conditions (under test in Napoli). Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  29. Neutron radiation test I.N.F.N. Naples The SASY2000 HV-LV prototype has been tested twice (May-Aug 2002) at the Louvain La Neuve radiation facility. The total neutron fluence requests for 10 LHC years is about 1x1012n/cm2 (note: in RE1/1 region) corresponding to 2 hours and 40 minwith a beam at 1 mA at 70 cm SASY2000 • In first session the system worked well for 30 min. corresponding to 1.8 • 1011n/cm2 (a factor 6 higher than that expected on RB4!) We lost the communication with the prototype. CAEN reported a known loss of current gain due to irradiation on CNY17 opto-insulator used to enable the HV/LV channels. The prototype was irradiated for 80 min corresponding to 4.8*1011 n/cm2. • On the second prototype (ATLAS one) the gain current loss was cured using a lower value biasing resistor. Was registered a few SE on the controller with loss of communication but the normal condition was restored after 1 s on power OFF/ON condition (it will be implemented by firmware an HOT RESETto recover the communication without interruption of remote power supply). • After the irradiation the SASY2000 was tested outside, preserving its original functionality. (robustness of hardware) Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  30. Magnetic field test setup • Magnet: MNP24-1 at CERN Bldg. 168 • B: up to 10 KGauss B around CMS: .44T • Test condition: 0-7 KGauss • Magnetic Field: • up to 5 KGauss • Test condition • SA2001: VOUT = 8kV, Rload=12 M • SA2002: VOUT0 = 4.7 V, VOUT1 = 5.0 V, IOUT0,1 = 1.9A • from 0 a 5 KGauss: loss of efficiency 2% (// B) 0% ( B) • (efficiency defined as =Pload/PDC-DC converter) (75%  73%) • Future improvements: • transformer oriented according  B  it will work reliably up to 8 KGauss Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  31. High Stress Test in Naples I I.N.F.N. Naples • The High Stress Test system has been designed and developed by the group of Naples in order to make a very complete test of any HV-LV power supply. • It consists of a test-box controlled by a PC running LabVIEW 6.1 • At present the HST system is able to make: • Long term test: A cycle of measurements (voltage and current) made using different resistive charge (from 1M to 10 G) to explore the whole range of the PS. • Spark test: A cycle of spark at different voltage are generated in order to test the hardware/software behavior of the PS under this critical conditions. • Calibration: independent measurement of the voltage and current (PS and test-box). The Trip-time, the rump-up and rump-down are also calibrated. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  32. High Stress Test description I I.N.F.N. Naples • The test-box consists of a custom rotating switch controlled by a step-to-step motor through a microcontroller (Microchip) . • Each position of the switch corresponds to an electrical contact placed on a PCB and positioned on a circle at a distance of 22,5o each others. • The motor needs 400 steps to make a complete turn corresponding to about 0.9o/step. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  33. High Stress Test description II I.N.F.N. Naples • Each position of the commutator is connected to: • a different resistive charge (10G, 5G, 1G, 100M, 9M, 6); • one of the four spark systems (10KV, 5KV, 2KV, short); • OFF position. • The spark system consists of two electrodes connected between the high voltage and the ground, placed at a fixed distance in order to generate sparks at a predetermined voltage. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  34. High Stress Test description III I.N.F.N. Naples • The micro-controller PIC 16F876-04 is used to: • controls the motor through a custom board housing a “power driver” used to generate the phases needs to control the motor. • drive the LCD monitor placed on the box and the manual control. • drive the communication through a serial port RS232 used to connect it to a PC. • control an internal ADC (10 bits) and drive a Programmable Gain Amplifier. It is used to measure the current provided by the PS at different full scale (1mA, 100 mA, 1mA). • A C program has been written to control all the operations of the micro-controller. The program is stored in the internal flash memory. It also calculates the voltage from the measured current and takes in account the offset of each full scale. Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  35. The HST test box I.N.F.N. Naples rotating switch display RS232 port step motor manual control Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  36. HST LabVIEW display I.N.F.N. Naples output table Vmon Imon current Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  37. HV cable I.N.F.N. Naples The HV cable has been chosen and approved • Suitable to sustain up to 15 kV • Cable characteristics: • According CERN safety instruction IS 23 • Single conductor- = 0.16 mm • Conductor resistance @ 20°C = 147 /Km • Core- = 3 mm • Screen wire-=0.2 mm (for 10 conductors) • Overall diameter = 8.4 mm (for 3 conductors) • Price: 1.050 €/Km (for 10 Km and 3 conductors cable) Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  38. HV connectors I I.N.F.N. Naples The HV connector has been chosen and approved Possibility to stack it up • Electrical characteristics: • Operating voltage: 15 kV • Testing conditions: 20 kV • 2 high voltage pins to supply –12 kV • 1 pin for signal return • insulating material • Polietilene HDPE (Eraclene Polimeri Europa (57%) • Masterbatch (GPO1246 Viba) (43%) (Conforming to TIS Rules) • Metal cover connected to external chamber aluminum frame • ZAMA (UNI 3717 G-Zn A14 Cu1) Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  39. HV connectors II I.N.F.N. Naples By CPE (www.cpeitalia.com) Price: 3 CHF/contact/10.000 pieces • Schedule: • The connector has passed CERN tests for chemical analysis • Made electrical test performance (before and after radiation exposure) • We are waiting for the final quotation before final order Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

  40. LV connector and cable I.N.F.N. Naples LV cable:8 wires  outer diam. = 7.5 mm Price 1,00 Euro/m 12 wires  outer diam. = 8.5 mm Price 1,50 Euro/m LV cable connector: female 12 pins Molex Microfit-Fit 3,0 (43025-1200) Price 3,49 Euro/5 female pins 20 AWG Molex Microfit-Fit 3,0 (43030-0007) Price 10,37 Euro/100 LV RPC connector: male 12 pins Molex Microfit-Fit 3,0 (43020-1200) Price Pierluigi Paolucci - I.N.F.N. Naples

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