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Understanding DNA: The Code of Life

Explore the significance of DNA, a chemical code crucial for growth and function, composed of nitrogen base pairs. Learn how mutations can affect organisms, causing variations in species and sometimes leading to beneficial outcomes.

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Understanding DNA: The Code of Life

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  1. What is DNA?

  2. DNA stands for: DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

  3. DNA is: • A chemical code that is stored in a cell’s hereditary material • Contains information for an organisms growth and function.

  4. This shape is called a Double Helix

  5. What is DNA made of? • The “steps” of the ladder are made of other molecules called nitrogen bases • 4 kings of Nitrogen Bases • Adenine (A) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C) • Thymine (T)

  6. Each ladder step contains a pair of nitrogen bases: • Adenine only pairs with Thymine (A & T) • Guanine only pairs with Cytosine (G & C)

  7. Pairing of Nitrogen Bases T pairs with A A pairs with T C pairs with G G pairs with C

  8. What happens if something goes wrong and the DNA doesn’t get copied in the right sequence? A mutation occurs.

  9. Mutations • Mutations can change the traits of an organism • Add variety to a species when the organism reproduces- VARIATION • Many are harmful to organisms and can cause their death • Some mutations do not have any effect on an organism • Some mutations can be beneficial

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