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P.V. Panel wind load effects. Class Presentation #1. November 2010. Arman Hemmati , Brady Zaiser , Chaneel Park, Jeff Symons, Katie Olver. Overview. Introduction (Katie) Wind Tunnel Tests (Chaneel) Computational Analysis (Arman) What’s Next (Arman). Introduction – ENMAX Frames.
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P.V. Panel wind load effects Class Presentation #1 November 2010 Arman Hemmati , Brady Zaiser, Chaneel Park, Jeff Symons, Katie Olver
Overview • Introduction(Katie) • Wind Tunnel Tests (Chaneel) • Computational Analysis (Arman) • What’s Next (Arman)
Introduction – ENMAX Frames • DIY Frame RenusolConSole
Introduction – Problem • Most efficient sun capture at 51° • Higher angle means greater aerodynamic forces • More ballast required to hold the panel down • Too much weight for the roof? • Want to better understand wind loads on PV panels: • Wind Tunnel Testing • Computational (CFD) Analysis
Wind Tunnel – Model Scaling/Building • Constructing a suitable model (6 linear panel array) • The size of the model must correspond to the dimensions of the wind tunnel • What material should be used as a PV panel substitute • Require a base frame for the model to rest upon • Methods for analyzing the force on the panel • Force Receiving Base • Pressure Distribution is not a concern • Force transducers or load cells considered • (although potentially expensive)
Wind Tunnel – Testing (conceptual) • Height of the panel from the roof (Frame Bottom Opening) • Least Loads: Test the model at various heights • Variation of wind speed • Wind Speed Effect: The relationship between wind speed, drag/lift forces, and additional load on the roof • Wind angle of attack • Flexible Model: The model is angled to represent varying wind angle of attack • Methods for model force Analysis • Methods for model force Analysis
Computational – 2D vs. 3D Modeling • Two-Dimensional (2D) Models • Easier to develop, evaluate, and understand • Typically the start of an analysis • Provides a general overview to the forces expected in the wind tunnel • Three-Dimensional (3D) Models • More Difficult to set-up, and develop • More powerful computers required • More realistic model of the actual phenomena • Typically used to compare to the wind tunnel testing Courtesy of Comsol Multiphysics
What’s Next – Conclusion • Current Stage in the Design Process • Direction is set, details required • Plan on Wind Tunnel Test • Model design details • Method of measurement: Literature research • Plan on CFD • Program and computer availability • Starting with a 2D Model • Revised Frame Design • Only if current design fails
References • RenusolConSole Manual 9/2009 • COMSOL Multiphysics Website • ANSYS Website