AGENDA

1. AGENDA Warm-up = study 10 min. *QUIZ on Photosynthesis*

2. Agenda • Photosynthesis Quiz • Notes on Cellular Respiration • Worksheet

3. Objective • We will learn the process of cellular respiration: how mitochondria use glucose to make ATP.

4. Vocabulary • Acetyl-CoA • Alcoholic Fermentation • Anaerobic • Aerobic • Calorie • Cellular Respiration • Cristae • Ethyl Alcohol • FAD+ • FADH • Fermentation • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Citric Acid • Metabolism • Mitochondria • Pyruvic Acid

5. Chemical Energy • Why do we eat? We need to consume food so we can break it down into usable energy. • The amount of energy we can get from food is calculated by the amount of calories it contains. • A calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of H2O by 1 degree Celsius. • You don’t literally “burn” through the glucose in food, your cells slowly release the energy it contains over time. This is measured by your Metabolism.

6. Mitochondria • The organelle for cellular respiration - powerhouse of the cell. Structure: made of 2 membranes: • inner matrix, and outer cristae

7. What type of organisms perform respiration? • All plants and animals perform cell respiration because they all have the mitochondria organelle in their cells.

8. Cell Respiration Formula • Cellular Respiration is the process of breaking down the glucose in your food in the presence of oxygen. • Formula: • C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + energy (heat and ATP) + 6CO2

9. Overview • Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy • Mitochondria perform respiration; we get energy (up to 38 ATP), then we breathe out carbon dioxideand water.

10. Steps to Respiration • 1.) Glycolysis • 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • 3.) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

11. Step 1: Glycolysis • Location: the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria in a cell. • Glycolysis is the process of breaking 1 molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3 carbon molecule).

12. Glycolysis is a fast process, and is the only step that does not require oxygen (anaerobic). It also creates 2 ATP’s.

13. Step 2: Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis moves into the mitochondria matrix, as it does it changes names into Acetyl-CoA (also known as Citric Acid) it has only 2 carbons. • This is done by releasing one CO2 molecule from the pyruvate, and by creating an NADH (energy molecule like NADPH).

14. Acetyl-CoA continues to move through the Krebs Cycle, releasing its last 2 carbons as CO2 we breathe out, and making NADH, FADH2 and 2 ATP’s.

15. So far we have learned steps 1 & 2, and made only 2 ATP… Step 3

16. Step 3: Electron Transport Chain • The ETC uses the high-energy molecules (NADH and FADH2) from the Kreb’s Cycle to convert ADP into ATP. This is achieved by using the ATP Synthase protein channel in the Cristae membrane of the mitochondria. • For prokaryotes the ETC is in the cell membrane.

18. Cell Respiration Steps

19. What organelle performs Cellular Respiration? • What are the names of the 3 steps to cell respiration? • What is another name for the Krebs Cycle, and why? • How many total ATP are made through cell respiration? Think-Pair-Share!

20. Fermentation • When oxygen is not present for respiration, step 1: glycolysis is followed by fermentation, an anaerobic process, in the cytoplasm.

21. 2 Types of Fermentation: Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs when exercising rapidly and cannot supply muscles with enough O2. Produces Lactic Acid and CO2 Results in muscle soreness • Done by yeast in bread making: • Produces Ethyl Alcohol and CO2

24. Think-Pair-Share! • What happens if there is NO oxygen present for cellular respiration? • What are the 2 types of anaerobic fermentation? • What location in the cell does fermentation occur?

25. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure! • The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration. • The products of respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.

27. Net Results • Photosynthesis (chloroplast) = Glucose total: 1 • Like “depositing” money into a bank • Respiration (mitochondria) = ATP total: 36 • Like “withdrawing” money from a bank

28. Worksheet for Cell Respiration • Answer all the questions and complete the diagram using your notes.

29. Quiz coming up… • LAB next class!  Study: Cell Respiration Notes & Diagrams! Q2 Test 14th & 15th

30. AGENDA • Card-Sort Puzzle •  QUIZ on Respiration •  LAB on Respiration

31. Safari Montage Videos • Intro to Cell Respiration • Cellular Respiration • Respiration in Plants

32. Exercise & Respiration Lab • Purpose:To analyze the effect of exercise on cell respiration. • Hypothesis:How will exercise affect your bodies production of CO2? • Supplies:Beaker, straw, graduated cylinder, bromethymol blue (BTB). • Procedures: • Part A- (Resting)measure each group member’s: CO2 production, breathing rate, and heart rate. Do this 3x, then calculate the average. • Part B- (Exercising)measure each group member’s: CO2 production, breathing rate, and heart rate after 1 minute of exercise, then after another 2 minutes of exercise. • Analysis:Calculate the resting and exercise averages for all group members. Answer all of the conclusion questions and turn in. • Safety:Do NOT inhale or drink the BTB solution!

33. YOU Each student in your group CO2 Breathing At the end of the lab: calculate ALL averages! Heart Rate

35. Card-sort Activity • In your group, arrange 9 cards into 3x3 square. • Match up vocabulary and definitions! • Each person will get a paper, use the terms at the top to fill in the sections for Respiration, Photosynthesis, or both! • Use ALL the words, some multiple times! Venn Diagram Activity

36. Warm-up • Fill out the Photosynthesis & Respiration Venn Diagram: Animal Cells Krebs Cycle Acetyl-CoA Glycolysis Lactic Acid Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria FAD+ FADH CO2 Produced O2 Used Heterotrophs Aerobic C6H12O6 Used Cytoplasm Calvin Cycle Light-Dependent Stroma Thylakoid Chloroplast NADPH NADP+ Photons Photophosphorylation Chlorophyll C6H12O6 Produced CO2 Used H2O Used Autotrophs Plant Cells Phosphate ATP Glucose Anaerobic ETC Interdependent