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Nanocapsules are drug delivery agents within the size range of 10nm to 1000 nm that are normally composed of a capsule shell and a hollow space in which desired substance or drug molecules are embedded. The ultrafine size of nanocapsules match the biological composition of human body such as RBCs which permits enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) through narrow channels during diffusion. Due to this EPR effect, nanocapsules are used as drug carriers. Nanocapsules can be formulation using various methods such as loading of drug molecules into hollow polyelectrolyte shell and another method being electrostatic layer by layer (LbL) technique. These latest LbL self-assembled polyelectrolyte capsules provide an efficient way to perform multiple drug delivery tasks simultaneously. Some nanocapsules are used for targeted drug delivery in anti-tumor and anti-tuberculosis therapies wherein the outer sphere of nanocapsules is fabricated by the lithography technique. Lipid nanocapsules (DNA LNCs) and multimodular systems (DNA MMS) are used in gene therapy.
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