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Bio-Economics Supply and Demand According to Chance

Bio-Economics Supply and Demand According to Chance. 1) Oxygen and Mitochondria 2) In Vitro to In Vivo Measurements 3) MRI to Optical Imaging. Grand Unified Theory of Britt. Demand. Supply. Balance and Feedback. Economics: Supply and Demand. Balance and Feedback. Price. Demand.

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Bio-Economics Supply and Demand According to Chance

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  1. Bio-EconomicsSupply and Demand According to Chance

  2. 1) Oxygen and Mitochondria2) In Vitro to In Vivo Measurements3) MRI to Optical Imaging Grand Unified Theory of Britt Demand Supply

  3. Balance and Feedback

  4. Economics: Supply and Demand Balance and Feedback Price Demand Increased Demand: higher cost… Unless Supply reacts to meet demand Quantity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand

  5. Supply: “G(BC)P” Results: 1478 Times cited: 68,155 Ave. citations per: 46.11 h-index: 122 d pulse ~60 yrs Impact: ~3d  ~200 yrs 70 Pubs/year 50 30 10

  6. Demand Results: 1478 Times cited: 68,155 Ave. citations per: 46.11 h-index: 122 d pulse ~60 yrs Impact: ~3d  ~200 yrs Citations/year 1500 1000

  7. Bio-Economics: Supply and Demand Supply Price Demand Increased Demand: higher Metabolic cost… Unless Supply reacts to meet demand Quantity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand

  8. Cell-Vascular Coupling Diseases Coronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cancer, Neurological Disease, Diabetes… Causes (consequences) • Decreased vessel compliance, remodeling endothelial/eNOS damage, impaired reactivity, • Consequences (causes) Restricted blood flow to tissue Cellular O2 demand cannot be met Ischemia, hypoxia, necrosis… ROS generation Impaired cellular function, mitochondrial disease

  9. Cell-Vascular Coupling Diseases BC Pioneered Optical Measurements • Quantify tissue oxygen consumption, perfusion Perturbations: Occlusion, breathing, exercise... • Individual Physiology: detection, diagnosis, therapy response…

  10. Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging Lens Whisker Stimulator • Remove skin/muscle, thin skull. • Mechanical Movement of C2 Whisker. • 5 deflections at 5 Hz. • Illuminate with 630 nm light. • Measure change in remitted light. Grinvald, Lieke, Frostig, Gilbert, and Wiesel, Nature, 1986. Ron Frostig, UCI

  11. Hemodynamic Response stimulation 630 nm light (deoxyHb) Overshoot (BOLD) Undershoot Initial Dip 1 mm t ~ 1 s t ~ 4 s t ~ 7 s

  12. Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) µa, µs' Rd(fx) Spatial Frequency, fx (mm-1) Cucciaet. al., Opt Lett, (2005) Cucciaet. al., JBO (2009) Structured light 1 SFDI Implications: Optical Property Mapping Depth-Resolved Imaging depth Tissue 0 photon density Tissue: a low-pass spatial filter Tissue

  13. Hyperspectral SFDI SorenKonecky Full images (350 x 350 pixels) of 46 Wavelengths at 5 Hz. Photo of Mapper Close up L. Gao, R. T. Kester, and T. S. Tkaczyk, Opt. Express 17, 12293-12308 (2009). Tomasz Tkaczyk

  14. Intrinsic Signal Tomograpy depth Black & White: Baseline Color: Functional Change increase 0.5 1 decrease -1 -0.5

  15. pre-1987 Biomedical OpticsBefore Chance (B.C.) Light Source Detector cuvette

  16. Biomedical Optics Chance Era (C.E.) • No Cuvette (too expensive) • Abundant supply of body parts • Time-shared laser sources (“off time” saves $$) • RF electronics = “Radio Shack”

  17. Grand Unified Theory of Britt Demand Supply

  18. New Unit of Measure: 1 BCU = 100 mW/cm2 ~Max exposure intensity for biotissue damage BCU: Max intensity At the limit

  19. $106/Tesla $10-14/photon Photons are Cheaper

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