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High-performance Reflective Optics for Large Astronomical Telescopes

This technology offers high-angular resolution and sensitivity for large astronomical telescopes through the use of reflective optics with optimized focal lengths and coatings. It addresses the FOV problem for on-axis and off-axis rays, maximizing the effective area for collecting light. Calculation software has been developed to determine the effective area and other parameters based on mirror coating reflectivity, filling factor, and shell diameters.

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High-performance Reflective Optics for Large Astronomical Telescopes

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  1. Filling factor 4’, 353 Kg 6’, 318.5 Kg Dmax 70 6’, 282 Kg Dmax 60 5’, 252 Kg 8’, 223 Kg 6’, 195 Kg 30 m Focal Lenght with monolayer coating

  2. 8’, 317 Kg 12’, 286.5 Kg 12’, 254 Kg 8’, 227.5 Kg 11’, 201.5 Kg 9’, 175 Kg 20 m Focal Lenght with multilayer coating

  3. 5’, 339 Kg 4’, 305 Kg 5’, 270 Kg 4’, 242.5 Kg 5’, 215 Kg 6’, 186.5 Kg 25 m Focal Lenght with monolayer coating

  4. 5’, 339 Kg 9’, 305 Kg 9’, 270 Kg 5’, 242.5 Kg 8’, 215 Kg 8’, 186.5 Kg 25 m Focal Lenght with multilayer coating

  5. The FOV problem For on-axis rays the grazing angle on the shell is constant. It does not depend on the impact point. All rays impacting on the first surface hit also the second one and are focused..

  6. The FOV problem For on-axis rays the grazing angle on the shell is constant. It does not depend on the impact point. All rays impacting on the first surface hit also the second one and are focused..

  7. The FOV problem For on-axis rays the grazing angle on the shell is constant. It does not depend on the impact point. All rays impacting on the first surface hit also the second one and are focused.. ..but in a nested system obstruction effect by inner shell can exist: for low filling factor, the area is reduced by obstruction.

  8. = Filling factor The FOV problem For on-axis rays the grazing angle on the shell is constant. It does not depend on the impact point. All rays impacting on the first surface hit also the second one and are focused.. ..but in a nested system obstruction effect by inner shell can exist: for low filling factor, the area is reduced by obstruction.

  9. The FOV problem For off-axis rays not all rays impacting on the first surface hit the second one and are focused. Single reflection on parabole/hyperbole can happen. Only a part of collecting area (depending on ray off-axis angle) is useful.

  10. The FOV problem For off-axis rays not all rays impacting on the first surface hit the second one and are focused. Single reflection on parabole/hyperbole can happen. Only a part of collecting area (depending on ray off-axis angle) is useful. More, the shell reflectivity is a function of incidence angle, and the angle depends on the impact point.

  11. The FOV problem For off-axis rays not all rays impacting on the first surface hit the second one and are focused. Single reflection on parabole/hyperbole can happen. Only a part of collecting area (depending on ray off-axis angle) is useful. More, the shell reflectivity is a function of incidence angle, and the angle depends on the impact point. For angles bigger than the shell inclination part of the shell is shadowed.

  12. Main parameters • Reduction in Focal Length takes to a reduction of the spot on the focal plane, enhancing angular resolution and sensitivity. • The wall thickness (and weight) to achieve the target resolution can be assumed by current technological status. • The Effective area on-axis and off-axis are determined by: • mirror coating reflectivity R(E,θ) • filling factor • Diameters/shell inclination Calculation The calculation is very intensive and generates a lot of data. A software for calculating the effective area of a shell in dependence of these parameters has been created in fortran, starting by ray-tracing routine by P. Conconi (OAB) and ISOXM simulation routines by V. Cotroneo (OAB). A tool for visualizing data has been using Visual Basic (next slide)

  13. 4’, 353 Kg 6’, 318.5 Kg Dmax 70 6’, 282 Kg Dmax 60 5’, 252 Kg 8’, 223 Kg 6’, 195 Kg Filling factor 30 m Focal Lenght with monolayer coating

  14. 8’, 317 Kg 12’, 286.5 Kg 12’, 254 Kg 8’, 227.5 Kg 11’, 201.5 Kg Dmax 70 9’, 175 Kg Dmax 60 20 m Focal Lenght with multilayer coating

  15. 8’, 317 Kg 12’, 286.5 Kg 12’, 254 Kg 8’, 227.5 Kg 11’, 201.5 Kg Dmax 70 9’, 175 Kg Dmax 60

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