Exploring Psychoanalysis, Humanistic Therapy, and Behaviorism in Psychology

1. LO 15.3 A woman has a dream about horseback riding, and a psychoanalyst interprets this dream as her desire to have sexual intercourse. What does sexual intercourse represent in this context? Latent content Manifest content Free association Transference Resistance

2. LO 15.3 A woman has a dream about horseback riding, and a psychoanalyst interprets this dream as her desire to have sexual intercourse. What does sexual intercourse represent in this context? Latent content (p. 564) Manifest content Free association Transference Resistance

3. LO 15.4 All of the following are ways in which more current psychodynamic therapies differ from traditional psychoanalysis EXCEPT: • Less focus on the id • More focus on the idea of transference • More directive • Less emphasis on the role of dreams in revealing the contents of the unconscious • Client no longer out of the therapist’s view

4. LO 15.4 All of the following are ways in which more current psychodynamic therapies differ from traditional psychoanalysis EXCEPT: • Less focus on the id • More focus on the idea of transference • More directive • Less emphasis on the role of dreams in revealing the contents of the unconscious (p. 565) • Client no longer out of the therapist’s view

5. LO 15.5 A humanistic therapist tells a client, “I totally understand how you feel; I am also very scared of medical doctors.” This is an example of: • Unconditional positive regard • Empathy • Reflection • Authenticity • Both 2 and 4

6. LO 15.5 A humanistic therapist tells a client, “I totally understand how you feel; I am also very scared of medical doctors.” This is an example of: • Unconditional positive regard • Empathy • Reflection • Authenticity • Both 2 and 4 (p. 567)

7. LO 15.6 The primary function of Gestalt therapy is to: • Focus on the unconscious factors that are influencing behavior. • Provide a form of nondirective therapy with minimal guidance from the therapist. • Focus on the incongruence between the ideal self and the real self. • Focus on the incongruence between a client’s personality and what is socially acceptable. • Focus only on stated, rather than nonverbal, language of the client.

8. LO 15.6 The primary function of Gestalt therapy is to: • Focus on the unconscious factors that are influencing behavior. • Provide a form of nondirective therapy with minimal guidance from the therapist. • Focus on the incongruence between the ideal self and the real self. • Focus on the incongruence between a client’s personality and what is socially acceptable. (p. 567-569) • Focus only on stated, rather than nonverbal, language of the client.

9. LO 15.8 A behaviorist decides that the best way to cure his client’s alcohol addiction is to place a drug in his alcohol that causes nausea, and then have the client drink the alcohol. This is an example of what type of technique? • Flooding • Aversion therapy • Systematic desensitization • Counter-conditioning • Extinction

10. LO 15.8 A behaviorist decides that the best way to cure his client’s alcohol addiction is to place a drug in his alcohol that causes nausea, and then have the client drink the alcohol. This is an example of what type of technique? • Flooding • Aversion therapy (p. 570-571) • Systematic desensitization • Counter-conditioning • Extinction

11. LO 15.9 Sally learns to overcome her phobia of snakes by watching a second child overcome his phobia by being reinforced by a parent with a piece of candy each time he picked up the snake. This is an example of what behavioral technique? • Modeling • Participant modeling • Token economy • Extinction • Contingency contract

12. LO 15.9 Sally learns to overcome her phobia of snakes by watching a second child overcome his phobia by being reinforced by a parent with a piece of candy each time he picked up the snake. This is an example of what behavioral technique? • Modeling (p. 572) • Participant modeling • Token economy • Extinction • Contingency contract

13. LO 15.10 Behavioral therapies are best suited for what type of psychological disorder? • Schizophrenia • Depression • Obsessive compulsive disorder • Personality disorders • Dissociative identity disorder

14. LO 15.10 Behavioral therapies are best suited for what type of psychological disorder? • Schizophrenia • Depression • Obsessive compulsive disorder (p. 573) • Personality disorders • Dissociative identity disorder

15. LO 15.11 A wife cleans the entire house until it is spotless, with the exception of a single plate in the sink. Because of this one plate, she feels that she did a lousy job cleaning. What type of cognitive distortion commonly associated with depression does this represent? • Arbitrary inference • Personalization • Overgeneralization • Selective thinking • Minimization

16. LO 15.11 A wife cleans the entire house until it is spotless, with the exception of a single plate in the sink. Because of this one plate, she feels that she did a lousy job cleaning. What type of cognitive distortion commonly associated with depression does this represent? • Arbitrary inference • Personalization • Overgeneralization • Selective thinking (p. 574) • Minimization

17. LO 15.13 Robert Ellis’ rational emotive therapy involves all of the following EXCEPT: • Challenging “all or nothing thinking” • Challenging distorted thought patterns, such as hallucinations and delusions, that occur with disorders such as schizophrenia • Adapting more rational statements into one’s thought patterns • Helping people realize that life doesn’t need to be perfect to be good • Behavior modification

18. LO 15.13 Robert Ellis’ rational emotive therapy involves all of the following EXCEPT: • Challenging “all or nothing thinking” • Challenging distorted thought patterns, such as hallucinations and delusions, that occur with disorders such as schizophrenia (p. 576) • Adapting more rational statements into one’s thought patterns • Helping people realize that life doesn’t need to be perfect to be good • Behavior modification

19. LO 15.17 Which of the following disorders might benefit the most from group therapy? • Severe bipolar disorder with psychotic breaks • Schizophrenia • Depression • Dissociative identity disorder • Antisocial personality disorder

20. LO 15.17 Which of the following disorders might benefit the most from group therapy? • Severe bipolar disorder with psychotic breaks • Schizophrenia • Depression (p. 576-577) • Dissociative identity disorder • Antisocial personality disorder

21. LO 15.18 EMDR is an effective method in: • Getting rid of anxiety-provoking thoughts by having clients follow a therapist’s moving finger with their eyes • Treating a client with ADHD that has difficulty focusing on relevant visual stimuli • Getting rid of visual hallucinations that occur with certain types of schizophrenia • Helping to rid of the physical manifestations of anxiety, such as nervous eye twitches • Allowing clients, through visual imagery, to plan effective coping strategies on how to deal with stressful situations

22. LO 15.18 EMDR is an effective method in: • Getting rid of anxiety-provoking thoughts by having clients follow a therapist’s moving finger with their eyes (p. 579-580) • Treating a client with ADHD that has difficulty focusing on relevant visual stimuli • Getting rid of visual hallucinations that occur with certain types of schizophrenia • Helping to rid of the physical manifestations of anxiety, such as nervous eye twitches • Allowing clients, through visual imagery, to plan effective coping strategies on how to deal with stressful situations

23. LO 15.20 Each of the following is a characteristic of an effective therapeutic alliance EXCEPT: • Mutual respect • Empathy • Understanding • Acceptance • Success rate of the therapist in curing patients of their disorder

24. LO 15.20 Each of the following is a characteristic of an effective therapeutic alliance EXCEPT: • Mutual respect • Empathy • Understanding • Acceptance • Success rate of the therapist in curing patients of their disorder (p. 582)

25. LO 15.21 A person suffering from schizophrenia would be most likely given which of the following drug treatments? • Benzodiazepines • Neuroleptics • Lithium • Monamine oxidase inhibitors • Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

26. LO 15.21 A person suffering from schizophrenia would be most likely given which of the following drug treatments? • Benzodiazepines • Neuroleptics (p. 584) • Lithium • Monamine oxidase inhibitors • Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

27. LO 15.21 A client comes to a therapist reporting symptoms of depression. Which of the following medical treatments probably work best for the client? • Benzodiazepine • Chlorpromazine • Behavioral therapy • SSRI • Lithium

28. LO 15.21 A client comes to a therapist reporting symptoms of depression. Which of the following medical treatments probably work best for the client? • Benzodiazepine • Chlorpromazine • Behavioral therapy • SSRI (p. 587) • Lithium

29. LO 15.22 Which of the following is most likely true concerning unilateral ECT? • It is not as effective as bilateral ECT. • It creates greater muscular contractions than bilateral ECT. • It may lead to more severe retrograde amnesia than bilateral ECT. • It may create more disruptions in cognitive functioning than bilateral ECT. • It will be less likely to have an adverse effect on the process of consolidation.

30. LO 15.22 Which of the following is most likely true concerning unilateral ECT? • It is not as effective as bilateral ECT. • It creates greater muscular contractions than bilateral ECT. • It may lead to more severe retrograde amnesia than bilateral ECT. • It may create more disruptions in cognitive functioning than bilateral ECT. • It will be less likely to have an adverse effect on the process of consolidation. (p. 587-588)

31. LO 15.23 In modern lobotomy procedures, the brain region which connects the limbic system to the frontal lobes is destroyed. This area of the brain is called the: • Cingulated gyrus • Hippocampus • Amygdala • Corpus callosum • Hypothalamus

32. LO 15.23 In modern lobotomy procedures, the brain region which connects the limbic system to the frontal lobes is destroyed. This area of the brain is called the: • Cingulated gyrus (p. 589) • Hippocampus • Amygdala • Corpus callosum • Hypothalamus