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ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE

TO IDENTIFY • You see a INF SQD I/O

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 KN PT 1 INF SQD I/O DIR 0021 DIS 2100 ALT 500 DIR ???? DIS 2500 ALT 535 OP ALT 590

SEQUENCE OF SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS OBSERVER-TARGET DIRECTION DANGER CLOSE TRAJECTORY METHOD OF FIRE DISTRIBUTION PROJECTILE FUZE VOLUME DEVIATION CORRECTION RANGE CORRECTION HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTION TARGET DESCRIPTION MISSION TYPE AND/OR METHOD OF CONTROL SPLASH REPEAT

SPOTTINGS A spotting is the observer’s determination of the location of the burst with respect to the adjusting point as observed along the OT line.

SPOTTINGS • Spottings must be made by the observer the instant the bursts occur. • Observers will make spottings for deviation, range, and height of burst. • The observer should consider the most difficult spottings first. The sequence of spottings is HOB (air or graze), range (over or short), and deviation (left or right).

SEQUENCE OF SPOTTINGS AND CORRECTIONS SPOTTING HEIGHT OF BURST (1m) RANGE DEVIATION (5m) CORRECTION DEVIATION (10M) RANGE HEIGHT OF BURST (5M)

RANGE Range spotting is where the observer determines whether the burst occurred beyond the target or short of the target.

RANGE SPOTTING

OVER A round that impacts beyond the adjusting point SHORT A round that impacts between the observer and the adjusting point TARGET A round that impacts on the target. This spotting is used only precision fire (registration or destruction missions) RANGE CORRECT A round that impacts at the correct range RANGE SPOTTINGS

DOUBTFUL A round that can be observed but cannot be spotted as OVER or SHORT LOST A round whose location cannot be determined by sight or sound UNOBSERVED A round not observed but known to have impacted, usually heard UNOBSERVED OVER or SHORT A round not observed but known to have impacted over or short RANGE SPOTTINGS

RANGE SPOTTINGS Definite range spottings are required to make a proper range adjustment. Any range spotting other than DOUBTFUL, LOST, or UNOBSERVED is definite. Normally, a round which impacts on or near the OT line results in a definite range spotting.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 4 5 RANGE SPOTTINGS

LOST SPOTTINGS Dud (nonfunctioning fuze) Terrain Enemy fire FO failed to spot the round Errors by the FDC or the firing piece

SEQUENCE OF SPOTTINGS AND CORRECTIONS SPOTTING HEIGHT OF BURST (1m) RANGE DEVIATION (5m) CORRECTION DEVIATION (10M) RANGE HEIGHT OF BURST (5M)

DEVIATION A deviation spotting is the angular measurement from the adjusting point to the burst as seen from the observer's position. During a fire mission, the observer measures the deviation, in mils, with his binoculars (or another angle-measuring instrument). Deviation spottings are measured to the nearest 5 mils for area fires and 1 mil for precision fires.

DEVIATION SPOTTING Deviation spottings are taken from the center of a single burst or, in the case of platoon or battery fire, from the center of the group of bursts. Deviation spottings should be made as accurately as possible to help in obtaining definite range spottings.

LINE (LN) RIGHT (R) LEFT (L) DEVIATION SPOTTINGS O-T LINE

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 4 5 DEVIATION SPOTTINGS

H.O.B RANGE DEVIATION SPOTTINGS MADE IN MILS CORRECTIONS MADE IN METERS DEVIATION RANGE H.O.B. SPOTTING/CORRECTION

Deviation Corrections The distance in meters that the burst is to be moved (right or left). It is determined by multiplying the observer’s deviation spotting in mils by the OT factor, then expressed to the nearest 10 meters. Corrections of less than 30 meters are considered as minor deviation corrections and should not be sent to the FDC except if conducting a destruction mission or as refinement data when ending an area fire mission.

CORRECTIONS DETERMINING THE OT FACTOR An important element in making proper corrections is determining the OT factor. In determining the OT factor, the observer will express the observer target distance to the nearest thousands.

OT FACTOR OT Distance = 2300 OT Distance Expressed to nearest thousand =2000 Divide by 1000=OT factor of 2 OT Factor = 2

OT FACTOR OT Distance = 4500 OT Distance Expressed to nearest thousand =4000 Divide by 1000=OT factor of 4 OT Factor = 4

OT FACTOR OT Distance = 700 OT Factor = .7

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 4 5 Deviation Corrections OT DISTANCE 3400

RANGE CORRECTION When making a range correction the observer attempts to “add" or “drop” the adjusting round. If his spotting was SHORT, he will add; if his spotting was OVER, he will drop. When conducting an adjustment onto a target, the observer may choose to establish a range bracket

RANGE CORRECTION HASTY BRACKETING Hasty bracketing is best when fires are required and the observer is experienced in the adjustment of fire. Success at hasty bracketing adjustment requires the observer to conduct a thorough terrain analysis that gives the observer an accurate target location. (An accurate target location would be within 250 meters of the target).

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE FIRES

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE FIRES DROP 200, OVER.

ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE FIRES ADD 100 FFE, OVER

ONE ROUND ADJUST The observer spots the location of the first round, calculates and transmits to the FDC the corrections necessary to move the burst of the round to the adjusting point, and fires for effect. This technique requires either an experienced observer or one with accurate distance-measuring equipment such as a laser range finder. All missions conducted by using a G/VLLD should be FFE or one-round adjustments.

LEFT 60 DROP 200 FFE, OVER ONE ROUND ADJUST

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