Comprehensive Hazard Communication Training Program

1. Hazard Communication Training Program  2006 RiskAnalytics, LLC Page 1

2. Disclaimer The information, suggestions and recommendations contained herein are for general informational purposes only. This information has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable. No warranty, guarantee, or representation, either expressed or implied, is made as to the correctness or sufficiency of any representation contained herein. Reliance upon, or compliance with, any of the information, suggestions or recommendations contained herein in no way guarantees the fulfillment of your obligations under your insurance policy or as may otherwise be required by any laws, rules or regulations. This Information should not be construed as business, risk management or legal advice, or legal opinion. Page 2

3. Learning Objectives • Describe the basic principles of the Hazard Communication Standard • Describe basic elements of chemicals and how they can enter the body • Categorize the types of chemical hazards • Describe the health and safety effects of exposure to hazardous chemicals • Describe the GHS labeling and placarding requirements for chemicals • Describe the basic information on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Page 3

4. Introduction • About 32 million workers work with and are potentially exposed to one or more chemical hazards • Millions of chemicals and chemical products exist today, and hundreds of new ones introduced annually • Chemical exposure may cause or contribute to many serious health effects such as heart ailments, CNS damage, kidney and lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes • Some chemicals may also be safety hazards and have the potential to cause fires and explosions and other serious accidents Page 4

5. Inadequate Information / Training No Labeling No Written Plan Why a HazCom Program? • Employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals to which they are exposed • Employees have both a need and a right to know the necessary protective measures to prevent injury or illness. • Federal and State Regulations Require it! • Three of the top 25 violations are in Hazard Communication Annual Number of Violations Page 5

6. Sulfur dioxide First, a little Chemistry - Three States of Matter • Solid - A solid has a definite shape and volume regardless of the container into which it is placed. • Liquid - A quantity of liquid has a definite volume, but takes on the shape of its container. • Gas - A quantity of gas has the shape and volume of the container it occupies. Solid Liquid Gas Page 6

7. Physical & Chemical Properties • Boiling Point: Temperature at which a liquid changes to gas • Example: Water boils at 212｡F • Importance: It determines whether a substance will be a liquid or gas at ambient temperature • Corrosiveness: A compound that can quickly damage skin, metal, or other solids • Example: If strong acids or bases are stored in metal containers, they will rapidly eat through the container • Importance: Corrosives can harm skin, lungs, eyes, mouth and stomach • Solubility: The measure of how readily a chemical dissolves in water • Example: Alcohol readily mixes with water; motor oil does not • Importance: If a liquid spills into a waterway and is not soluble, it will either float or sink Page 7

8. Physical & Chemical Properties, continued • Viscosity: Having relatively high resistance to flow. • Example: Water has a low viscosity, while heavy crude oil has a much greater viscosity • Importance: Highly viscous materials may become less viscous at higher temperatures and spread rapidly • Vapor Pressure: The pressure characteristic at any given temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form • Example: Vapor pressure of acetone is 400mm; that of Xylene is 6.72mm. The higher the number the faster it will evaporate • Importance: Materials with high vapor pressure can create toxic atmospheres within work areas • Volatility: This refers to how readily a liquid will vaporize or evaporate • Example: Gasoline is a volatile liquid • Importance: A volatile liquid can give off vapors which may be toxic, explosive and/or be an asphyxiant. Page 8

9. Physical & Chemical Properties, continued • Vapor Density: Relative weight of gas or vapor as compared to air which has a vapor density of 1 • Example: Methane gas has a vapor density of 0.6, and will rise, while FREON 113 has vapor density of 1.6 • Importance: Vapors / gases may be toxic, explosive and / or asphyxiant • Flammability: The ease in which a material (gas, liquid or solid) will ignite • Example: Gasoline and acryolnitrile are flammable liquids, while propane is a flammable gas • Importance: The flammability of a substance is important to know to determine potential for a fire • Flash Point: Minimum temperatures at which a liquid or volatile solid will produce gases/vapors to form ignitable mixture • Example: Gasoline has a flash point of -45 degree F while diesel fuel has a flash point of 120 degree F. Page 9

10. Physical & Chemical Properties, continued Flammable and Explosive Limits • Lower Flammable Limit (LFL), or lower explosive limit (LEL), is the lowest concentration of air-fuel mixture at which a gas or vapor can ignite. • Upper Flammable Limit (UFL), or upper explosive limit (UEL), is the highest concentration of air-fuel mixture that can be ignited. Page 10

11. Chemical Effects – Health Hazards • The degree of harm caused by exposure to a toxic chemical generally increases with exposure level, but is also dependent upon the length of exposure, and the person’s fitness • Acute effect - An adverse effect resulting from a single exposure with symptoms shortly after exposure occurs • Chronic effects - An adverse effect resulting from repeated low level exposure, with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time or that recur frequently • Types of adverse reactions: • Irritants • Corrosives • Allergic Sensitizers • Asphyxiants • Systemic Poisons • Blood Toxins, Neurotoxins, Hepatotoxins, Nephrotoxins Page 11

12. Chemical Exposure Limits • Regulations require that the maximum quantity of a chemical that a person can be exposed to without suffering adverse health effects be established • Generally defined two ways: • Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) – is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a substance or physical agent. • Established by OSHA • Expressed in in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) • Threshold limit value (TLV) – defines the reasonable level to which a worker can be exposed without adverse health effects. • Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) • Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL) • Ceiling (TLV-C) Page 12

13. Routes of Entry • Absorption through contact with the skin or eyes • Rate of absorption is influenced by the health of the skin and the properties of the chemical • Skin that is dry or cracked or has lacerations offers less resistance • Inhalation through breathing gases, vapors, mists or dusts • Chemicals enter and irritate the nose, air passages and lungs • Can become deposited in the airways or be absorbed through the lungs into the bloodstream. • Ingestion • Chemicals get in or on food, cigarettes, utensils or hands and are swallowed. • Substances can be absorbed into the blood and then transported to the rest of the body. • The route of exposure can determine whether or not the chemical substance has an effect Page 13

14. Control Strategies Hazardous materials can be used safely in workplaces if adequate control strategies are implemented to prevent exposure to those chemicals. Hierarchy of Controls: • Elimination or Substitution – seeks to eliminate the hazard using such strategies as removal from the workplace or substitution of a safer chemical • Engineering Controls – seeks to control the hazard at the source by using such strategies as total enclosure or ventilation • Administrative or Work Practice Controls - changes work practices to reduce or eliminate exposure through work breaks and rotating work shifts • Personal Protective Equipment – PPE is the last choice because it does nothing to reduce the levels of contamination More Effective Less Effective Page 14

15. Hazard Communication Program Requirements • Identify and list hazardous chemicals in the workplace • Obtain Safety Data Sheets (SDS's) and labels for each hazardous chemical as required by the Global Harmonized System (GHS) • Implement a written HazCom program, including labels, SDS's, and employee training • Communicate hazard information to employees Written Hazard Communication Program Page 15

16. Label and Safety Data Sheets (SDS)Guiding Principles • Information should be conveyed in more than one way • Comprehensibility of the components of the system should take into account existing studies and evidence gained from testing • Phrases used to indicate the degree (severity) of hazard should be consistent across different hazard types • Format and Color of the label elements, and SDS format should be standardized

17. Labels • The Working Group identified approximately 35 different types of information currently required on labels by different systems • To harmonize, key information elements need to be identified • Additional harmonization may occur on other elements in time, in particular, for precautionary statements

18. LabelsRequired Elements • Symbols & Pictograms • Signal Words • Physical, Health, Environmental Hazard Statements • Precautionary Statements • Product Name or Identifier • Supplier Information (Name, Address, Phone) Page 18

19. LabelsSymbols & Pictograms • Convey health, physical and environmental hazard information, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category • Pictograms include harmonized hazard symbols plus other graphic elements, such as borders, background patterns or colors, which are intended to convey specific information • A black frame may be used for shipments within one country • Where a transport pictogram appears, the GHS pictogram for the same hazard should not appear Page 19

20. LabelsGHS Symbols & Pictograms Page 20

21. LabelsGHS Symbols & Pictograms • Explosives • Self Reactive • Organic Peroxides • Flammables • Self Reactive • Pyrophoric • Self-Heating • Emits Flammable Gas • Organic Peroxides • Oxidizers Page 21

22. LabelsGHS Symbols & Pictograms • Gases Under Pressure • Corrosives • Carcinogen • Respiratory Sensitizer • Reproductive Toxicity • Target Organ Toxicity • Mutagenicity • Aspiration Toxicity Page 22

23. LabelsGHS Symbols & Pictograms • Acute Toxicity • Irritant • Dermal Sensitizer • Acute Toxicity (Harmful) • Narcotic Effects • Respiratory Tract Irritation • Environmental Toxicity (Aquatic) Page 23

24. LabelsTransport Symbols & Pictograms Page 24

25. LabelsTransport Symbols & Pictograms • Explosive Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 • Explosive Division 1.5 • Explosive Division 1.6 • Explosive Division 1.7 Page 25

26. LabelsTransport Symbols & Pictograms • Flammable Liquid • Flammable Gas • Flammable Aerosol • Substances, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases (Dangerous When Wet) • Oxidizing Gases • Oxidizing Liquids • Oxidizing Solids • Compressed Gases Page 26

27. LabelsTransport Symbols & Pictograms • Acute Toxicity (Poison) – Oral, Dermal, Inhalation • Pyrophoric (Spontaneously Combustible) • Self-Heating Substances • Corrosive • Organic Peroxides Page 27

28. LabelsSignal Words • The signal word indicates the relative degree of severity of a hazard. The signal words used in GHS are: • "Danger" for the more severe hazards • "Warning" for the less severe hazards • Signal words are standardized and assigned to hazard categories within endpoints • Some lower level hazard categories do not use signal words Page 28

29. LabelsHazard Statements • Hazard statements are standardized and assigned phrases describing the hazard(s) as determined by hazard classification • An appropriate statement for each GHS hazard should be included on the label for products possessing more than one hazard • Examples: • “Highly flammable liquid and vapor” • “Toxic in contact with skin” • “Harmful to aquatic life” Page 29

30. LabelsPrecautionary Statements • Phrases (and/or pictograms) describing recommended measures required to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product, or improper storage or handling of a hazardous product • Five types of precautionary statements: • General • Prevention • Response (in case of spillage or exposure) • Storage • Disposal Page 30

31. LabelsProduct Name or Identifier • Chemical identity of the substance • For mixtures and alloys, chemical identities of all ingredients/alloying elements contributing to the hazard of the mixture/alloy (as specified by the competent authority) • Proper shipping name (for substances/mixtures covered by the UN Model Regulations) • For substances/mixtures used exclusively in the workplace, a competent authority may authorize chemical identities to be included only in the SDS Page 31

32. LabelsSupplier Identification • Name, address and telephone number of the manufacturer or supplier of the chemical substance/mixture Page 32

33. LabelsArrangement • The GHS hazard pictograms, signal word and hazard statements should be located together on the label • The actual label format or layout is not specified in GHS • National authorities may choose to specify where information should appear on the label or allow supplier discretion Page 33

34. LabelsExample of Arrangement (1) Page 34

35. LabelsExample of Arrangement (2) Page 35

36. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) • Provide comprehensive information of a substance/mixture for use in the workplace • Information provided enables the employer: • To develop worker protection measures specific to the exposures and workplace environment • To consider measures to protect the environment • Applies to: • All mixtures/substances meeting GHS criteria • Other substances not meeting GHS criteria but containing hazardous substances in certain concentrations (as required by competent authority) Page 36

37. Safety Data SheetsSections • The following 16 categories should be presented: • Identification • Hazard(s) identification • Composition/information on ingredients • First-aid measures • Firefighting measures • Accidental release measures • Handling and Storage • Exposure controls/personal protection • Physical and chemical properties • Stability and reactivity • Toxicological information • Ecological information • Disposal considerations • Transport information • Regulatory information • Other information Page 37

38. Safety Data SheetsSection 1 – Identification • Identification of the substance of mixture • GHS identifier • Other unique identifiers • Supplier details • Name, full address and phone number(s) • Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use • Emergency contact information Page 38

39. Safety Data SheetsSection 2 – Hazard Identification • Classification of the substance or mixture and any national or regional information • GHS labels elements, including precautionary statements • Other hazards which do not result in classification Page 39

40. Safety Data SheetsSection 3 - Composition/Information on Ingredients • Substances • Chemical identity • Common name, synonyms • CAS number and/or other unique identifiers • Impurities and stabilizing additives which are themselves classified and which contribute to the classification of the substance • Mixtures (for all hazardous ingredients) • Chemical identity • Identification number • Concentration range Page 40

41. Safety Data SheetsSection 4 - First Aid Measures • Description • Should be subdivided by the different routes of exposure (i.e. inhalation, absorbsion, and ingestion) • Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed • If needed, indication of, • Immediate medical attention • Special treatment Page 41

42. Safety Data SheetsSection 5 – Firefighting Measures • Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media • Specific hazards arising from the chemical (i.e. nature of any hazardous combustion products) • Special protective equipment and precautions for firefighters Page 42

43. Safety Data SheetsSection 6 – Accidental Release Measures • Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures • Environmental precautions • Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Page 43

44. Safety Data SheetsSection 7 – Handling and Storage • Precautions for safe handling • Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Page 44

45. Safety Data SheetsSection 8 – Exposure Controls/Personal Protection • Control parameters (i.e. occupational exposure limit values or biological limit values) • Appropriate engineering controls • Individual protection measures including personal protective equipment (PPE) Page 45

46. Safety Data SheetsSection 9 – Physical and Chemical Properties • Appearance • Odor • Odor Threshold • pH • Melting Point/Freezing Point • Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range • Flash Point • Evaporation Rate • Flammability (solid, gas) • Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits • Vapor Pressure • Vapor Density • Relative Density • Solubility(ies) • Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water • Auto-ignition temperature • Decomposition Temperature Page 46

47. Safety Data SheetsSection 10 – Stability and Reactivity • Reactivity • Chemical stability • Possibility of hazardous reactions • Conditions to avoid • Incompatible materials • Hazard decomposition products Page 47

48. Safety Data SheetsSection 11 – Toxicological Information • Concise but complete and comprehensible description of the various toxicological (health) effects and available data used to identify those effects, including: • Information on likely routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, absorbsion) • Symptoms related to physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics • Delayed and immediate effects and also chronic effects from short and long-term exposure • Numerical measures of toxicity (such as acute toxicity estimates) Page 48

49. Safety Data SheetsSection 12 – Ecological Information • Ecotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial, where available) • Persistence and degradability • Bio-accumulative potential • Mobility in soil • Other adverse effects Page 49

50. Safety Data SheetsSection 13 – Disposal Considerations • Disposal methods • Description of waste residues and information on their safe handling and methods of disposal, including disposal of any contaminated packaging Page 50