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Explore the intricate web of events including the Treaty of Bjorko, Dogger Bank Incident, the First Moroccan Crisis, and the Bosnian Crisis leading to the outbreak of World War I. Discover the complexities of alliances and tensions among major powers at the turn of the 20th century.
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Underlying Causes of ‘The War to End all Wars’ “ silly generals and pedantic diplomats” A J P Taylor
First Moroccan Crisis • 1905 – 1906 • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, France, Russia, Spain
Start of the Triple Entente France tried to bring Russia and GB together, but Dogger Bank incident as well as GB relationship with Japan made things difficult France, Great Britain, Russia
Germany now circled? • Germany had circled herself out of the great power concert. • Only ally is Austria- Hungary
“You English, are mad, mad, mad as March hares. What has come over you that you are so completely given over to suspicions quite unworthy of a great nation? ... I have said time after time that I am a friend of England ... but you make things difficult for me.... The prevailing sentiment among large sections of the middle and lower classes of my own people is not friendly to England...” An interview with Kaiser Wilhelm II, published in the Daily Telegraph, 28 October 1908
Huh? “Because of the altered state of affairs in the Ottoman Empire ... I am forced to announce the annexation of Bosnia.” Letter from Emperor Franz Josef of Austria-Hungary to Kaiser Wilhelm, 29 September 1908. “In order to raise Bosnia to a higher level of political life ... The new order of things will be a guarantee that civilization and prosperity will find a sure footing in your home.” Franz Josef's Proclamation of the Annexation, 6 October, 1908
Second Moroccan Crisis (Agidir Crisis) • 1911 • Germany, France, Great Britain