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INDRA: Identification and Detection with Increased Resolutions

INDRA is a versatile detector with high resolution, low detection thresholds, and a wide range of physical analysis capabilities. It is used for studies on vaporization, fission, central collisions, and more. It offers a comparison with models and has a comprehensive data base on multifragmentation.

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INDRA: Identification and Detection with Increased Resolutions

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  1. INDRA: Identification de Noyaux et Détection avec Résolutions Accrues • 17 rings 2o-176o • 336 telescopes • 90% of 4π • Z=1-90 • A for H, He, Li, Be • low detection thresholds: • 0.8 A.MeV for Z≤12 and ~1.3 A.MeV above • Phoswich for 2o≤θ≤ 3o and now Si-CsI • Ion. Chamb.-Si-CsI(Tl) for 3o≤θ≤45o • Ion. Chamb.-CsI for 45o<θ≤176o

  2. The INDRA data base on multifragmentation

  3. INDRA: Identification de Noyaux et Détection avec Résolutions Accrues • Experimental case: • 5 campaigns of measurements (4 in Ganil-France + 1 at GSI-Germany) • versatile detector: coupling with first Chimera ring, with other telescopes for time of flight measurements, • position sensitive detectors for crystal blocking experiments (fission of SHE), spectrometer (Vamos) • Symmetric-asymmetric systems, reverse & direct kinematic, Ebeam~5A.MeV to 1A.GeV • Well suited for central collisions of symmetric systems but some drawbacks for asymmetric one when • C.M. velocity is small (especially at backward angles) • Physical results: • physical analysis on: vaporization of QP, fission, central collisions of fusion-like sources, deexcitation • studies for a large range of hot nuclei, mid rapidity emission, neck formation… • intra-event correlations: b estimation, reaction plane determination, calorimetry, reconstruction of hot • primary fragments… • Phase transition: temperature, heat capacity, Δscaling, scaling laws, bimodality, spinodal decomposition… • Reaction mechanism: mid-rapidity, neck, fusion like event, fission, momentum transfer, fragment formation, • isospin equilibration, chronometer of the process… • Deexcitation of hot nuclei: from evaporation to vaporization, fission and multifragmentation of any kind • Comparison with model: statistical as well as dynamical

  4. Ion. Chamb. Si CsI GARFIELD: General ARray for Fragment Identification and for Emitted Light particles in Dissipative collisions • General characteristics • High granularity (400 ΔE-E telescopes  4o-150o ) • Low energy thresholds (ionization chambers as ΔE) • A and Z identification (1≤Z≤8) up to  90o • Digital electronics for pulse-shape discrimination • The Garfield drift chamber • 180 Double Stage E (CsI(Tl)) - DE (MSGC) telescopes • Angular coverage: (30o – 85o ; 95o – 150o) • Charge resolution from p to heavy-ions, with DZ/Z=1/28 • Angular resolution (Δθ=1° Δφ= 7.5 °) Side detectors from Multics

  5. α-α GARFIELD: General ARray for Fragment Identification and for Emitted Light particles in Dissipative collisions 32S + 58Ni at 11 AMeV Multi fragment production Fizika B12 (2003) 39 32S + 58,64Ni at 14.5 AMeV Evaporation residue Mass identification Correlation functions Phase transition in strongly interacting matter, Prague 2004 – Nucl. Phys. (to be published) 5th Italy-Japan Symposium – Naples 2004 – (to be published)

  6. Multics + Miniball Multics telescopes Beam hole 87% of 4π • Multics • 3 layers telescopes: • Si-500 μm position sensitive • CsI(Tl) + photodiode • 3o≤θlab≤25o • Energy threshold ~1.5 A.MeV • Z identification up to the beam charge • Miniball • 171 phoswich detectors • 25o≤θlab≤160o • Energy threshold ~2-3-4 A.MeV for Z=3-10-18 • ~Z=20 identification • isotopic identification for Z=1-2

  7. Liquid-drop Critical behavior inside the coexistence region E*/A (A.MeV) Z B I G Asym 12 Results of the Multics+Miniball experiment Nucl. Phys. A 724 (2003) 455 Nucl. Phys. A 650 (1999) 329 Phys. Lett. B 473 (2000) 219 Nucl. Phys. A 699 (2002) 795) Nucl. Phys. A 734 (2004) 512 Au Liquid-Gas   •   εceV Phase transition in strongly interacting matter, Prague 2004 – Nucl. Phys. (to be published) 5th Italy-Japan Symposium – Naples 2004 – (to be published)

  8. FAZIA: Four π A-Z Indentification Array half forward part • ~6000 telescopes: Si-ntd/Si-ntd/CsI • possibility of coupling with other detectors like spectrometer, gas chamber, neutron detectors • ~1000 hits/s • maximum multiplicity ~150/event • complete Z identification and A up to ~30 • digital electronics for pulse-shape discrimination

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