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Enlightenment and Philosophers: Government, Rights, and Revolutions

Explore the impact of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment on political thinking, natural laws, and governmental powers. Learn about influential philosophers like John Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu. Discover how their ideas led to the American and French Revolutions. Watch for a potential pop quiz this Friday!

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Enlightenment and Philosophers: Government, Rights, and Revolutions

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  1. Agenda • BW – Complete MC questions, get out hwk • CW Notes/Discussion • CW 2 Reading and questions • WARNING – Possibility of a pop quiz Friday • Quote of the Day. “People shouldn’t be afraid of their governments. Governments should be afraid of their people.” - V

  2. The clergy (or church) expressed the most opposition to the scientific method. Galileo before the papal court

  3. Why would the Church be opposed to Scientific method?

  4. As a result of the Scientific Revolution, reason and experimentation was applied to political thinking. The Enlightenment

  5. What was the Enlightenment? Notes #5B

  6. It was a time in the 1700’s, in which philosophers examined natural laws governing the universe (like scientists of the Scientific Revolution did). Drafting the Declaration of Independence  Galileo 

  7. Philosophers were interested in changing people’s relationship with their government.

  8. They believed that government decisions should be based on laws of nature and reason. U.S. Constitution

  9. Philosophers: • John Locke believed that governments should protect people’s natural rights. Declaration of Independence 

  10. Rousseau believed that the power of the government should be derived from those who are governed. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  11. Voltaire believed in free speech. • Montesquieu believed in a separation of governmental powers. Voltaire Baron de Montesquieu

  12. Effects: • The philosophers encouraged the American and French Revolutions due to their support for natural rights. American Revolution  French Revolution 

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