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Monomers and Polymers

Monomers and Polymers. Monomers are small units that join together to form polymers. A polymer is large compound made of many monomers. Process in which polymers are formed is polymerization. Carbohydrates. Compounds made of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio.

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Monomers and Polymers

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  1. Monomers and Polymers • Monomers are small units that join together to form polymers. • A polymer is large compound made of many monomers. • Process in which polymers are formed is polymerization.

  2. Carbohydrates • Compounds made of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio. • Monosaccharides= simple sugar monomer. • Polysaccharides= large polymers formed from monosaccharides.

  3. Uses of Carbohydrates • Main source of energy for living things. • Plants and fungi use for support and protection.

  4. Lipids • Mostly made from C and H. • Numerous shapes and sizes. • Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

  5. Functions of Lipids • Lipids store energy. • Form waterproof coverings. • Form our cell membrane!

  6. Lipid Bilayer • Lipids can be water fearing or hydrophobic, and water loving, hydrophilic. Hydrophobic Hydrophilic

  7. Saturated and Unsaturated Fats • Many lipids are found as long fatty acids. • If a lipid chain has only single bonds between carbon atoms, it is considered saturated. • If it has one or more double bond, it is called unsaturated.

  8. Nucleic Acids • Macromolecules containing H, O, N, C, and P. • Monomer is called a nucleotide. IT has a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. • Nucleotides join together by covalent bonds.

  9. Phosphate Nitrogenous Base 5-C sugar

  10. Depending on sugar, nucleotides form macromolecules called DNA or RNA. • Deoxyribose v. Ribose

  11. Nucleic acids serve to transmit and store genetic information. • This information helps form proteins, which we will discuss tomorrow.

  12. Proteins • Contain N, H, C, and O. • Made of monomers called amino acids. • Amino acids have an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other.

  13. Many amino acids covalently bond to form proteins. • Proteins have up to four levels of organization.

  14. Functions of Proteins • Regulate the rate of chemical reactions. • Regulate cell processes. • Form bones and muscles. • Transport substances in and out of cells. • Help fight disease.

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