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ACIDS AND BASES

ACIDS AND BASES. What are some common acids that you have heard of?. What are some common bases ?. Properties of Acids:. Sour-tasting Water-soluble Good conductors of electricity. When acids are dissolved in water:. They release hydrogen ions (H + ) Example:. Properties of Bases:.

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ACIDS AND BASES

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  1. ACIDS AND BASES

  2. What are some common acids that you have heard of?

  3. What are some common bases ?

  4. Properties of Acids: • Sour-tasting • Water-soluble • Good conductors of electricity

  5. When acids are dissolved in water: • They release hydrogen ions (H+) • Example:

  6. Properties of Bases: • Bitter-tasting • Water-soluble • Feel slippery • Good conductors of electricity • “alkaline”

  7. When bases are dissolved in water: • They release hydroxide ions (OH-) • Example

  8. pH SCALE http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/acidbase/ph.html

  9. The pH (“power of hydrogen”) • Every 1 unit on the scale represents either an increase or decrease by a factor of 10 • E.g. An acid with a pH of 4 is 10 times more acidic than an acid with a pH of 5 • E.g. A base with a pH of 13 is 100 times more basic than a base with a pH of 11

  10. CONCENTRATIONOF ACIDS AND BASES • Amount of pure acid or base that is dissolved in 1 litre of water • Dilute vs. Concentrated

  11. PERCENT IONIZATION • number of molecules of the acid or base that will ionize (form hydrogen or hydroxide ions) for every 100 molecules • Strong vs. Weak

  12. Explain the following statements: • Sulfuric acid is stronger than acetic acid. • Katherine prepared two solutions of nitric acid, one dilute and one concentrated.

  13. Homework • Read pgs. 288-289; 293-298 • Pg 295 #3, 4 • Pg 299 #2-7

  14. 4 a) From 12.5 to 10.5 2 pH more means 102 or 100 times as basic b) From 12.5 to 8.5 4 pH more means 104 or 10 000 times as basic

  15. 3, 4 Name Formula Type • Potassium hydroxide KOH base • Hydrogen chlorate HClO3 acid • Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 base • Nitric acid HNO3 acid • Potassium bicarbonate KHCO3 base

  16. 2 Name pH • A very concentrated base 13 • A dilute basic solution 8 • A very concentrated acid 1 • A dilute acid solution 6 • Tap water 7

  17. 3 a) From 4.5 to 5.5 1 pH less means 10 times as acidic b) From 4.5 to 6.5 2 pH less means 102 or 100 times as acidic

  18. 5 a) Stomach acid (1.5) to tomatoes (4.0) 2.5 pH less means 102.5 or 100 to 1000 times as acidic b) Lemon juice (2.0) to apples (3.0) 1 pH less means 10 times as acidic

  19. 6 a) borax (9.1) to baking soda (8.2) 0.9 pH more means 100.9 or approximately 10 times as basic b) bleach (12.4) to blood (7.3) 5.1 pH more means 105.1 or approximately 100 000 times as basic

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