1.0 INTRODUCTION TO WEB ENVIRONMENT

1. UNIT 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO WEB ENVIRONMENT

2. 1.1 WEB CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY 1.1.1 WEB CONCEPT AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAN ( CLIENT/SERVER) AND THE INTERNET • What is the Internet? • The Internet also called Net is a worldwide collection of computer networks that links together millions of computers used by business, the government, educational institutions, organizations and individuals using modems, telephone lines, television cables and other communication devices and media. • A Network is a group of two or more computers that are connected together to share resources and information.

3. The Internet Backbone is a collection of high speed data lines that connect major computer system located around the word • An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that has a permanent connection to the Internet backbone. ISPs utilize high- or medium-speed data lines to allow individuals and companies to connect to the backbone for access to the internet. • User with computers connected to the Internet can access a variety of services such as e-mail, World Wide Web etc.

4. The World Wide Web or Web • The part of the internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked documents. • To supports multimedia, the Web relies on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is a set of rules for exchanging text, graphic, sound, video, and other multimedia files. • The linked documents, or pages of information, on the Web are know as Web pages.

5. Web pages • A Web page can contain text, graphic, sound, and video, as well as built built-in connections to other document. • Web site • A Web site is a related collection of Web Pages that is created and maintain by an individual, company, educational institution, or other organization.

6. Types of Web Pages • The (6) SIX basic types of Web pages are : 1) Portal • A portal Web page offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location. • Most portals offer the following free services : search engine; local, national, and worldwide news, sports and weather, free personal Web pages, reference tools such as yellow pages, stock quotes, and maps; shopping malls and auction; e-mail, instant messaging, newsgroup or message board, calendar, and chat rooms or forum. • E.g : Yahoo!, Alta Vista, America Online, Euroseek, Excite, Google, HotBot, Lycos etc.

7. 2) News • A news Web page contains newsworthy material including stories and articles relating to current events or issues, life, money, sports and the weathers • E.g : ESPN, Utusan Melayu.com, Beritaharian.com etc. 3) Informational • A Informational Web page contains factual information that providing infromation such as cencus data, tax codes, public transportation schedules and published research finding. • E.g : AirAsia.com, emeraldinsight.com

8. 4) Business / Marketing • A Business / Marketing Web page contains contents that promotes or sells products or services. • E.g : AT&T, Dell Computer Corporation, General Motor Corporation, Kraft Foods Inc.., Walt Disney, etc. 5) Advocacy (Pembelaan) • A Advocacy Web page contains contents that describe a cause, opinion or idea. • The purpose is to convince the reader of the validity of the cause, opinion or idea. • These web page usually present view of particular group or association. • E.g : Democratic Party, The Society, Peace.

9. 6) Personal • A private individual who normally is not associated with any organization often maintain a personal Web page. • People publish personal Web page for a variety of reason. • Other simply want to share life experiences with the world.

10. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAN • Client/Server LAN • An architecture in which the user's PC (the client) is the requesting machine and the server is the supplying machine, both of which are connected via a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, client/server was the hot buzzword as applications were migrated from centralized minicomputers and mainframes to networks of desktop computers • The ClientThe client is the user's machine, which contains the user interface (Windows, Mac, etc.) and can perform some or all of the application processing. • Specific Types of servers include: application servers, file servers, terminal servers, and mail servers.

11. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAN • True Client/Server To be a true client/server environment, both client and server must share in the business processing. For example, a database server processes requests from the client to look up data or update data in its database. In this case, the server is performing a search at its end to respond to the query received from a client. It is not acting as a remote disk drive; it is fully participating in the transaction. To illustrate this concept, review the examples below.

16. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAN • Characteristics of a server: • Passive (slave) • Waits for requests • Upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves replies • Characteristics of a client: • Active (master) • Sends requests • Waits for and receives server replies

17. 1.1.2 WEB BROWSER • WEB BROWSER • Definiton : • A Web Browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, and other information typically located on a web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. • Text and images on a web page can contain hyperlinks to other web pages at the same or different website. Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on many web pages at many websites by traversing these links. Web browsers format HTML information for display, so the appearance of a web page may differ between browsers. • The program that serves as your front end to the Web on the Internet. In order to view a site, you type its address (URL) into the browser's Location field; for example, www.computerlanguage.com, and the home page of that site is downloaded to you. • The home page is an index to other pages on that site that you can jump to by clicking an underlined hyperlink or an icon. Links on that site may take you to other related sites.

18. conts… • The two more popular browsers in use today are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator and Mozilla firefox • Browser provide a variety of features, including the capability to locate Web pages, to move forward and backward between Web pages, to bookmark favorite Web pages, and to choose security settings.

19. To locate a Web page using a browser, you type its Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in the browser’s Address, or Location, bar. • A Uniform Resource Locator (URL)is the address of a document or other file accessible on the internet. • An example on the web is : http://www.scsite.com/html3e/index.htm protocol domain name path • The URL indicates to the browser to use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) to locate a Web page name index.htm in the html3e folder on a Web server named scsite.com

20. 1.1.3 Two major browser :Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator • Microsoft Internet Explorer

21. Microsoft Internet Explorer • Microsoft's Web browser, which comes with Windows starting with Windows 98. Commonly called "IE," versions for Mac and Unix are also available. Internet Explorer is the most widely used Web browser on the market. It has also been the browser engine in AOL's Internet access software. • The Browser Wars - In the mid-1990s, Netscape began to turn the computer world upside down with its Navigator browser, which was a purchased product. Recognizing the Internet's potential, Microsoft developed IE for Windows and gave it away. Netscape eventually made Navigator free, and for a while, IE and Navigator vied for top place by adding functions fast and furiously. Ultimately, IE won the lion's share of the market because it was part of the operating system.

22. Netscape

23. Netscape • (Netscape Communications Corporation, Mountain View, CA, www.netscape.com) Part of America Online (AOL), Netscape specializes in Web software, including the Netscape Web browser. Founded in 1994 by James Clark, former patriarch of SGI, and Marc Andreessen, who, along with Eric Bina, created the Mosaic browser at the University of Illinois, Netscape quickly became the number one topic of conversation as Internet and Web fever enveloped the nation in the mid-1990s. • The Netscape browser was one of the main issues in the Microsoft antitrust trial, during which Netscape was acquired by AOL • A Web browser from Netscape. In 2005, a beta of Version 8.0 was introduced for Windows with a Web site rating system that warns users if a site is suspicious. For trustworthy sites, it renders pages using Internet Explorer technology, but for dubious sites, pages are rendered as in Firefox.

24. 1.1.4 Others Browsers • Internet Explorer in Macintosh • American Online browsers - (A division of Time Warner, Inc., Dulles, VA, www.aol.com) The world's largest online information service with access to the Internet, e-mail, chat rooms and a variety of databases and services. When dial-up was king, AOL had more than 30 million subscribers worldwide, but the number declined significantly after the turn of the century as broadband cable and DSL took hold. c) Web TV - The first Internet TV service that obtained widespread distribution of its set-top boxes in the retail channel. Developed in 1996 by WebTV and acquired by Microsoft in 1997, MSN TV uses an analog modem and telephone line to deliver the Web and e-mail to the TV set. In 2004, MSN TV 2 debuted for high-speed Internet users and provides audio and video streaming from the users's PC or the Internet to the TV. For information, visit www.msntv.com. Eg: Internet TV and AOLTV.

25. Conts…. d) Opera - (OPERA) (Open PLC European Research Alliance) - A Web browser for Windows, Mac and Linux from Opera Software, Oslo, Norway (www.opera.com). Developed at Telenor (Norwegian Telecom) in 1994 and commercialized by Opera in 1995, it is noted for its fast rendering of Web pages. Opera was the first browser to offer a host of unique features such as enlarging text and graphic elements on the page and displaying multiple windows with only one instance of the program running. Having both paid and ad-supported versions, in late 2005, the paid version was also made free. - For Cellphones and PDAs Opera Mobile and Opera Mini are versions for cellphones and PDAs. The Opera Platform is for developers who want to offer advanced Web applications on mobile phones. e) Lynx - A text-based Web browser created at the University of Kansas. Though largely supplanted by graphical browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer, Lynx is still popular among people with visual disabilities and those with very slow modem connections. Example in Linux.

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