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Allocating IP Addressing by Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Allocating IP Addressing by Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Overview. Multimedia: The Role of DHCP in the Network Infrastructure Adding and Authorizing the DHCP Server Service Configuring a DHCP Scope Configuring DHCP Reservations and Options Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent.

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Allocating IP Addressing by Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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  1. Allocating IP Addressing by Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

  2. Overview • Multimedia: The Role of DHCP in the Network Infrastructure • Adding and Authorizing the DHCP Server Service • Configuring a DHCP Scope • Configuring DHCP Reservations and Options • Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent

  3. Multimedia: The Role of DHCP in the Network Infrastructure • The objective of this presentation is to provide a high-level overview of DHCP in the network infrastructure • At the end of this presentation, you will be able to: • Explain what DHCP is • Describe how DHCP works • Explain how routers can forward DHCP broadcast packets • Describe how a DHCP relay agent works

  4. Lesson: Adding and Authorizing the DHCP Server Service • Why Use DHCP? • What Is Automatic Private IP Addressing? • How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses • How the DHCP Lease Generation Process Works • How the DHCP Lease Renewal Process Works • How a DHCP Server Service Is Authorized • Practice: Adding and Authorizing a DHCP Server Service

  5. Manual TCP/IP Configuration Automatic TCP/IP Configuration • IP addresses are entered manually • IP address could be entered incorrectly • Communication and network issues can result • Frequent computer moves increase administrative effort • IP addresses are supplied automatically • Correct configuration information is ensured • Client configuration is updated automatically • A common source of network problems is eliminated Why Use DHCP? DHCP reduces the complexity and amount of administrative work by using automatic TCP/IP configuration

  6. What Is Automatic Private IP Addressing? APIPA automatically self-configures addresses when there is no DHCP server available Advantages Disadvantages • Serves as a DHCP server failover mechanism for small networks • Automatically assigns an IP address in a specific range • Forces assignment of addresses typically not used • Conceals possible connectivity problems • Does not work outside 169.254.x.x subnet • Is not routable

  7. DHCP Database How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses DHCP Client2:IP configuration from DHCP server Non-DHCP Client:Static IP configuration Lease Renewal Lease Generation DHCP Server DHCP Client1:IP configuration from DHCP server IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1 IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2 IP Address3: Available to be leased

  8. DHCP Server2 DHCP Server1 DHCP Client DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet 1 1 DHCP servers broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet DHCP servers broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet 2 2 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet 3 3 DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK packet DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK packet 4 4 How the DHCP Lease Generation Process Works DHCP Server2 DHCP Server1 DHCP Client

  9. DHCP Server2 DHCP Server2 DHCP Client DHCP Client DHCP Server1 DHCP Server1 50% of lease duration has expired DHCP Client sends a DHCPREQUEST packet DHCP client sends a DHCPREQUEST packet 1 1 DHCP Server1 sends a DHCPACK packet DHCP Server1 sends a DHCPACK packet 2 2 How the DHCP Lease Renewal Process Works 87.5% of lease duration has expired 50% of lease duration has expired 100% of lease duration has expired If the client fails to renew its lease, after 50% of the lease duration has expired, then the DHCP lease renewal process will begin again after 87.5% of the lease duration has expired If the client fails to renew it’s lease, after 87.5% of the lease has expired, then the DHCP lease generation process starts over again with a DHCP client broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER

  10. Domain Controller Authorized Active Directory Services DHCP requests DHCP Client Unauthorized Does not service DHCP requests How a DHCP Server Service Is Authorized If DHCP Server1 finds its IP address on the list, the service starts and supports DHCP clients DHCP Server1 checks with the domain controller to obtain a list of authorized DHCP servers DHCP Server1 DHCP Server2 DHCP Server2 checks with the domain controller to obtain a list of authorized DHCP servers If DHCP Server2 does not find its IP address on the list, the service does not start and support DHCP clients DHCP client receives IP address from authorized DHCP Server1 DHCP authorization is the process of registering the DHCP Server service in the Active Directory domain to support DHCP clients

  11. Practice: Adding and Authorizing a DHCP Server Service In this practice, you will: • Add a DHCP server • Authorize the DHCP Server service

  12. Lesson: Configuring a DHCP Scope • What Are DHCP Scopes? • Demonstration: Configuring a DHCP Scope • What Are Superscopes and Multicast Scopes? • What Is Network Monitor? • Practice: Configuring a DHCP Scope

  13. What Are DHCP Scopes? A scope is a range of IP addresses that are available to be leased DHCP Server LAN A LAN B Scope A Scope B Scope Properties Network ID Subnet mask Lease duration Network IP address range Scope name Exclusion range

  14. Configuring a DHCP Scope

  15. Practice: Configuring a DHCP Scope In this practice, you will: • Configure two DHCP scopes • Configure a DHCP superscope • Verify IP address allocation by using Network Monitor

  16. Lesson: Configuring DHCP Reservations and Options • What Is a DHCP Reservation? • What Are DHCP Options? • Demonstration: Configuring DHCP Reservations and Options • How DHCP-Server, Scope, and Reserved-Client Options Are Applied • How DHCP Class-Level Options Are Applied • Practice: Configuring DHCP Reservations Options

  17. A reservation is a specific IP address, within a scope, that is permanently reserved for lease to a specific DHCP client File and Print Server Workstation 1 Subnet A Subnet B DHCP Server Workstation 2 IP Address1: Leased to Workstation 1 IP Address2: Leased to Workstation 2 IP Address3: Reserved for File and Print Server What Is a DHCP Reservation?

  18. What Is a DHCP Reservation?

  19. What Are DHCP Options? DHCP options are configuration parameters that a DHCP server assigns to clients DHCP Client DHCP Client IP Configuration Data • Client’s IP address • Client’s subnet mask • DHCP options DHCP Server

  20. What Are DHCP Options?

  21. Demonstration: Configuring DHCP Reservations and Options Your instructor will demonstrate how to: • Configure a DHCP reservation • Configure a DHCP server option • Configure a DHCP scope option

  22. Practice: Configuring DHCP Options In this practice, you will: Configure and test a DHCP reservation Configure DHCP server and scope options Configure and test a new DHCP user class

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