1 / 30

Ground Prep

4 goals for Tillage. 1. Weed ControlBefore PlantingKill weedsweakens perennialsAfter Plantingdestroys weedscovers seedlings. 2. Alteration of Physical Soil Conditions. Structure, Moisture, and TemperatureStirs and loosens soilimproves aerationcreates suitable medium for growthmay break

knox
Download Presentation

Ground Prep

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. Ground Prep Tillage: working the soil to provide a good environment for seed placement, germination, and crop growth

    2. 4 goals for Tillage 1. Weed Control Before Planting Kill weeds weakens perennials After Planting destroys weeds covers seedlings

    3. 2. Alteration of Physical Soil Conditions Structure, Moisture, and Temperature Stirs and loosens soil improves aeration creates suitable medium for growth may breakup soil compaction

    4. 2. Alteration of Physical Soil Conditions Causes long term decline in Structure loss of organic matter crushes soil aggregates Moisture and Temperature tilled warms earlier, causes earlier seeding and better germination

    5. 3. Crop Residue Management amount depends on crop 8500 lbs./acre off of 150 Bu corn 5600lbs/acre off of 100 Bu corn

    6. 3. Crop Residue Management amount depends on type of tillage Plowing 5% Field Cultivator 80% Chisel 80% Disc 6” 25%, 3” 50% Harrow 65%

    7. 4. Seedbed Preparation Culmination of previous 3 aspects Meets requirements for seed to grow moisture, temperature aerated, yet compacted free of clods Type of seed determines how smooth you need seedbed

    8. Were you listening? Describe the following: Weed Control Soil Conditions Crop residues Seed bed preparation

    9. Conventional Tillage Primary Tillage Breaks up soil and buries crop residue inverting equipment Plowing, time consuming, no residue Discing

    10. Conventional Tillage Secondary Tillage Produces fine seedbed that breaks up into smaller chunks mixing implements

    11. Conservation Tillage Leaves 30% of residue reduces erosion by 40-50% reduced tillage fewer trips, compaction less

    12. Conservation Tillage Mulch Till Chisel, Secondary, 30-50% residue Strip Till No Primary tillage planter tills band of soil and plants bares 1/3 of soil 50% residue

    13. Conservation Tillage Ridge Till plants cleaned strip seed planted on ridge 2/3 residue

    14. Conservation Tillage No Till specialized planters 90% untouched ground Herbicides used to control weeds rather than tillage

    15. Differences between Conservation and Conventional Yields slightly lower in Conservation Equipment conservation needs specialized, but fewer Fertility Conservation remains moist longer, N needs to be deeper incorporated in Conservation pH may be higher

    16. Drawbacks to Conservation Management Adapted for select soils Perennials can be a problem Compaction in No Till can be a problem pH lowers Use of herbicides

    17. Checking for understanding In conservation tillage why do you need as much as or more equipment than conventional? From the soil perspective, why is conservation tillage a valuable tool to consider?

    18. Cropping Systems 3 Different ways to decide what to plant

    19. 1. Plant the Market Plant what the market wants you to, highest price

    20. 2. Suit to Operation Plant what you will use in ag operation

    21. 3. Crop Rotation 1.Continuous Cropping grows same crop every year yields decline after several years

    22. 3. Crop Rotation Disadvantages planting less profitable crops do not use crops that you need to plant

    23. 3. Crop Rotation Advantages Control disease and insects Control weeds allelopathy: chemical emitted by a crop that kills weeds in next crop supplies N Improves O.M. Reduces erosion

    24. Dryland Farming No irrigation Summer Fallow left fallow for 1 crop season control weeds and crop on field 25% of rain will be stored in ground

    25. Dryland Farming 3 Problems 1. Wind erosion 2. Decline in O.M. 3. Saline Seeps

    26. Dryland Farming Saline Seeps: Deep rock layer stops water and pushes it downhill water carries salt with it comes out at low spots of hill water evaporates leaving salt behind

    27. Dryland Farming Avoid saline seeps by moving the water before it can evaporate

    28. Rangeland Things to do to make rangeland more productive 1. Control grazing 2. Fertilize 3. Seed out new plants

    29. Organic Farming No inorganic fertilizers or synthetic pesticides are used Usually use rotation w/legumes to supply N Rely on tillage and cultivation rotary hoe

    30. Organic Farming Results of O.F. better bean and oats yield erosion is reduced use 1/3 of energy sell to regular markets some utilize only part organic

    31. Quiz Time List the four goals of tillage. Briefly describe conventional and conservation tillage. Compare each. What are three factors that affect what you will plant. What do dryland farmers do to increase productivity How do organic farmers maintain their nitrogen?

More Related