Internet Gone Mobile: Technology and Policy Issues in the Mobile Internet

1. Internet Gone Mobile: Technology and Policy Issues in the Mobile Internet Presenter: Richard Bennett, Research Fellow, ITIF Disclaimer: Views expressed are mine alone and not those of ITIF or its sponsors. March 2, 2010

2. About me Protocol Engineer Ethernet over Twisted Pair Wi-Fi MAC, QoS, and MPDU Aggregation UWB Distributed Reservation Protocol Real-Time TCP Consult with Industry Policy Engineer Research Fellow with Washington Think Tank Testified before FCC in the Comcast complaint Testified before Congress Consult with regulators in Europe and the US 2

3. Internet’s Historical Arc Original Internet Built for Three Networks: ARPANET, PRNET, SATNET Design based on CYCLADES Became the world standard because of research deployment Internet today 1.6 Billion users, Web-oriented Internet ten years from now 7 Billion Users. 20 Billion Devices. Mobile last mile Augmented Reality, Social Networks, Two-Way Video, M2M 3

4. Internet’s Problems Huge Backlog of Incomplete and Undeployed standards: DiffServ, IntServ, RSVP, Mobile IP, DNSSEC Operationally stagnant since 1993, if not longer Addressing Model is Wrong No host address, two point of attachment addresses No meaningful support for multi-homing and mobility Routing table overflow No Meaningful Security Public networks need attribution 4

5. Internet’s Problems - 2 Congestion Control is poorly implemented Keeps utilization of core links at 30% Reacts too slowly Doesn’t connect congestion with value of communications Quality of Service not connected with congestion Layered Architectures are Arguably Wrong in Principle Networks are recursive. “Networking is IPC and only IPC” – John Day Addresses don’t need to be global, names do NATs are not the exception, they’re the norm 5

6. Mobile’s Historical Arc Voice + Voice + Data Voice + Data + Location Voice + Data + Location + Sensors Fascination with IP Grass is always Greener Naïve with respect to Internet’s design problems Real-time focus is very important The Internet has a lot to learn from Mobile Mobile has three time as many users as Internet 6

7. Top Challenges Constructive Bellhead + Nethead engagement Bridge the Gap between the Two Network Cultures. Develop Interoperable VoIP RSVP, IntServ, DiffServ, Pre-ECN, Mobile IP Authentication, Payments, Roaming Internet Phone Numbers Develop New Architecture for Internet of the Future John Day’s RINA Joe Touch’s RNA Something else? 7

8. Internet’s Future IPv6 will not take off Fails to correct the problems with Addressing, Routing, Quality of Service, and Security TCP will slowly die off Hard-wired for limited size and speed Interesting New Apps are Real Time Recursive Architectures will take over Initial Implementations will encapsulate IP as MPLS and IS-IS do Economic Solutions to Congestion How much is low latency worth to each application? 8

9. Policy Issues Law is Backward-Looking Technology is paradigm-shattering and forward-looking Most policy thinkers stuck in telephony paradigm Better policy thinkers tout out-of-date layered models Internet is Global Regulation is local Internet is a Multi-Purpose, Virtual Network Regulation Constrains Network to “the application”. Need Process-Oriented Models of Regulation Rule-Oriented Models always out of date Combine Network Stakeholders with Regulators 9

10. Spectrum Controversies Licensed and Unlicensed have different roles Unlicensed is good for local and experimental Licensed is always more efficient SDMA, CDMA, MIMO have capacity and function limits Wireless is a small part of the Network in any event. Big Historical Mistake: TV Should be Wired, Telephony Should be Wireless. Correcting this Mistake is Technically Easy Shared Spectrum for Broadcasting Political Challenge is Apparently Greater than Tech Challenge. 10

11. Broadband Controversies Clambering for Number One Poor way to enact policy Number One positions are scare resources Where is the U. S. overall? Leader in Affordable, low-speed DSL Leader in connected Schools More FTTH than Europe Trailing Europe in Spectrum Trailing in broadband subsidies What will FCC do about Net Neutrality? Find Ancillary Jurisdiction Rely on Self-Regulation 11

12. Regulatory Approach Mobile Internet Experience the Fruit of Innovation Policy has to create the space for fundamental advances. Innovation in the Core Enables Innovation at the Edge. Non-Discrimination Rule Potentially Troubling All packets are not equal Discrimination easily confused with Differentiation Four Freedoms of Internet Access need to be supplemented: Freedom to Improve the Network Freedom to Improve Network Economics 12

13. New Freedoms Engineering Freedom is Not a License to Steal Reasonable Oversight, not Strangling Regulation 13

14. New Freedoms Engineering Freedom is Not a License to Steal Reasonable Oversight, not Strangling Regulation Business Model Innovation is Essential Internet Economy Replete with Proprietary Deals Peering and Transit Agreements are made under NDA. Fundamental Algorithms of Internet Economy are Trade Secret. Aligning incentives of users and operators is crucial. 14

15. Co-Regulation See Chris Marsden: Net Neutrality: Towards a Co-Regulatory Solution Stakeholders + Regulators Create Framework, enforce rules Avoid Outdated Models The Internet is not a telecom network The Mobile Internet will not look much like the wired Internet 15

16. Thank you. Please read: Going Mobile: Technology and Policy Issues in the Mobile Internethttp://www.itif.org/files/100302_GoingMobile.pdf Contact me at: richard@bennett.com 16