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An Outbreak of Viral Respiratory Disease in an Ontario Dairy Herd

An Outbreak of Viral Respiratory Disease in an Ontario Dairy Herd. Jenna Donaldson OVC 2013. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100607065902.htm. Case History. Signalment Holstein herd milking 53 cows Presenting Complaint Whole herd off feed. Herd Management. Barn design

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An Outbreak of Viral Respiratory Disease in an Ontario Dairy Herd

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  1. An Outbreak of Viral Respiratory Disease in an Ontario Dairy Herd Jenna Donaldson OVC 2013 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100607065902.htm

  2. Case History • Signalment • Holstein herd milking 53 cows • Presenting Complaint • Whole herd off feed

  3. Herd Management • Barn design • Nutrition • Total mixed ration • Vaccine protocol • MLV • Biosecurity • No showing animals, heifers raised on farm Schematic of Barn Layout

  4. Background • Above-average maximum daily temperature and relative humidity prior to initial farm visit June 2012 Initial farm visit http://kitchenerwaterloo.weatherstats.ca/charts/relative_humidity-1year.html http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/generate_chart_e.html?timeframe=2&Prov=ONT&StationID=48569&dlyRange=2010-04-18|2012-11-13&Year=2012&Month=6&type=line&MeasTypeID=maxtemp&Day=13

  5. Initial Investigation • Water • No changes • Feed • New 1st cut haylage fed for 4 days • Gradual decrease in feed intake over 3 days • Mold contamination of high-moisture corn http://www.kosvi.com/courses/vpat5215_1/vpat5310/

  6. Herd Exam Milking cows slightly dull Mild tachypnea w/ normal respiratory effort Increased mucoid nasal discharge 40% of herd scouring Many cows pyrexic Rumen motility normal to decreased Not interested in TMR No mucosal lesions noted

  7. Viral Respiratory Disease Differentials • Bovine coronavirus • Parainfluenza-3 • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis • Bovine respiratory syncytial virus • Bovine viral diarrhea

  8. Bovine Coronavirus • Pneumoenteric virus • Fecal-oral and aerosol transmission • Subclinical infection • 3 common clinical syndromes • Respiratory disease typically mild

  9. Initial Management • Vaccinated all animals with intranasal IBR/BRSV/PI-3 modified-live vaccine

  10. Lab Diagnostics for Respiratory Disease • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or virus isolation • Nasal swabs from live animals • Fecal samples (useful for bovine coronavirus) • Postmortem: URT tissue, lung, lymph nodes, liver • Virus neutralization (serum) • Histology on postmortem tissues

  11. Laboratory Diagnostics • Bovine coronavirus titres • Acute and convalescent samples (14 days apart) • Virus neutralization at AHL • Four cows tested • No clear demonstration of seroconversion

  12. Prevention and Management Nutrition and silo management Ventilation and barn design Vaccination program Biosecurity

  13. Herd Outcome Initial farm visit Milk production returned to normal in ~14 days One abortion at 60 days gestation

  14. Cost to Producer • Veterinary costs: ~$1600 • Professional time and products (intranasal vaccine, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials) • Estimated lost milk: ~$4100 • Laboratory diagnostics • Coronavirus titres x 4 cows: $150 • Full respiratory serology panel: $120 /cow

  15. Acknowledgements • Dr. Ray Reynen • Heartland Veterinary Services • Dr. Jessica Gordon http://rocksolidnutrition.wordpress.com/category/dairy/

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