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Exit quiz. Figures of speech: __1. "Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again.“ a. metaphor b. simile c. paradox d. metonymy __2. "Men's words are bullets, that their enemies take up and make use of against them.“ a. simile b. allegory c. metaphor d. allusion
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Exit quiz Figures of speech: __1. "Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again.“ a. metaphor b. simile c. paradox d. metonymy __2. "Men's words are bullets, that their enemies take up and make use of against them.“ a. simile b. allegory c. metaphor d. allusion __3. The suits on Wall St. walked off with our savings. a. symbol b. metonymy c. personification d. understatement Examples of imagery: __4. A tap at the pane, a quick, sharp scratch a. auditory b. visual c. organic d. olfactory __5. I’d wake and hear the cold splintering breaking a. tactile b. olfactory c. auditory d. kinesthetic
Devices of fiction Plot: a series of EPISODES that imitate an action Episodic plots: not organically unified (propter hoc…post hoc) Change of importance over history Sub-plot: minor plot below the main one Character: sketch of person who typifies quality/idea methods of presentation: Explicit: stop for a full paragraph Through action: without comment (we form it) From within: record of emotions and responses to events
Devices of fiction Point of view, Narrative Perspective: vantage point of author First-person narrator: person who experienced it is narrating it Second-person: you, your Third: Omniscient: author sees, knows all Omniscient limited: through one or two consciousnesses Objective: camera and live mike (without commentary) Questions we ask: Naïve narrator doesn’t see all Reliable/unreliable? Setting: background of narrative-- geography, time, environment s(moral ,social)
Divisions of poetry Epic: long narrative poem, in high style, presenting characters of high station who encounters great trial of importance to a nation or a people. Dramatic: a poem that employs dramatic techniques, like two or more people speaking. Dramatic monologue is good example. Lyric: short, subjective poem strongly marked by imagination, melody, and emotion—Greek: Lyric (single) and Choric (group)
Helpful Acronym for Imagery and Figures If you step in GOAT VOK SA OUPPSI MAMA A goat some vok
Poetry and Poetics: ImageryGOAT VOK (56) Gustatory: taste Olfactory: scent Auditory: sound Tactile: touch Visual: eye Organic: internal feelings Kinesthetic: motion
Sa ouppsi mama Symbol Allegory Overstatement Understatement Personification Paradox Simile Irony Metonymy Apostrophe Metaphor Allusions
Poetry and poetics: Figurative Speech (70) See FIGURE in Figurative—a way of saying one thing and meaning another Opposition to scientific objectivity Hannah Arndt vs. “the facts speak for themselves”: they need a narrative Some 250 different kinds
Overarchingconcept of a figure: All figures may be divided into two senses: vehicle (carrier) and tenor (idea)
Example of Vehicle and Tenor The linebacker moved as deliberately as a speeding train (simile) Vehicle → Tenor • without hesitation; directly
Example of Vehicle and Tenor Steven, a shark in all of his dealings, was trusted by no one at the firm. (metaphor) Vehicle → Tenor savage, predatory
Basic Figures of speechsa ouppsi mama Symbol (90): represents self and something more Allegory (99): narrative with second meaning beneath it Overstatement (hyperbole) (114): exaggeration Understatement (litotes) (115): Paradox (113): contradictory statement containing truth Personification (74): human features to animal or concept Simile (71): comparison w/ “like” or “as” Irony (117): [sarcasm, satire] opposite of what’ Metonymy (78): element of something to represent whole Apostrophe (77): addressing someone dead/not human Metaphor (71): implied comparison Allusion (135): historic reference
Exit quiz Figures of speech: __1. "Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again.“ a. metaphor b. simile c. paradox d. metonymy __2. "Men's words are bullets that their enemies take up and make use of against them.“ a. simile b. allegory c. metaphor d. allusion __3. The suits on Wall St. walked off with our savings. a. symbol b. metonymy c. personification d. understatement Examples of imagery: __4. A tap at the pane, a quick, sharp scratch a. auditory b. visual c. organic d. olfactory __5. I’d wake and hear the cold splintering breaking a. tactile b. olfactory c. auditory d. kinesthetic