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Animal Agrosecurity

Animal Agrosecurity. Charlie Stoltenow, DVM, DACVPM Associate Professor/Extension Veterinarian ANSC 488, March 25, 2010. Special thanks to the Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN) and the University of Kentucky Extension Service. Dairy Basics. Milking Cows Cows milked 2 – 3

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Animal Agrosecurity

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  1. Animal Agrosecurity Charlie Stoltenow, DVM, DACVPM Associate Professor/Extension Veterinarian ANSC 488, March 25, 2010 Special thanks to the Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN) and the University of Kentucky Extension Service

  2. Dairy Basics • Milking Cows • Cows milked 2 – 3 times per day • Cow has to calve in order to produce milk • Many cows may be pregnant while milking • Other Dairy Animals • Replacement heifers/Open cows • Calves housed in hutches, hand-fed • Logistics • Milk pick-up every other day for processing • Transportation/housing for off-farm events

  3. Paul & Joan’s Family Farm • Paul – Father • Joan – Mother • Scott – 16-year-old son • Bonnie – 8-year-old daughter • Two farm employees

  4. Paul & Joan’s Farm Operation • Neighboring farms • Pastures • Corn fields • Pond – water for replacement heifers • Old well – crop and livestock needs • Farmhouse – municipal water supply • Goats, dogs, etc.

  5. An Unfolding Crisis

  6. Setting • Bonnie wins a ribbon at a large multi-species livestock exhibition • Early June during a rainy period • Insect problems abundant

  7. After the Exhibition • Day 1 • 4-H picnic at Paul and Joan’s farm • Children played with the goats, calves, and beagle puppies all the over farm • Day 2 • Goats become ill on Paul and Joan’s farm

  8. More Problems • Day 3 • Heifers sold by Paul to out-of-state producer who came to look at the heifers that day • Day 4 • Heifers on Paul’s farm become ill • Called extension agent • Aborted fetus found in the heifers’ pen

  9. Assessing Paul’s Response • Where are some areas where Paul’s actions might be found lacking?

  10. Diagnostics Begin • Day 5 • Paul’s cows start to abort • Reduced milk production • Rain resumes • Veterinarian contacted • Necropsy performed/samples taken

  11. Regulatory Action • Day 6 • All cows abort • State Veterinarian contacted • FADD arrives • Samples taken • USDA lab diagnostics

  12. Human illnesses • Day 7 • Neighbor’s child sick • Neighbor’s animals off-feed • Day 8 • Beagle puppies dead • State lab unable to diagnose • Bonnie becomes ill

  13. Biosecurity • What are some good biosecurity measures that should have been implemented? • What are some other issues that should be addressed?

  14. Scope of Incident Expands • Day 9 • Regional FADDs investigating • Public Health Department alerted • Link to exhibition suspected • Multiple states involved

  15. Diagnosis • Day 10 • RVF confirmed • FBI investigates

  16. International Consequences • Widespread stop movement orders • Trade embargoes • Joint Operations Center established • Local • State • Federal • Joint Information Center established • Media/public information

  17. JOC and JIC • Federal Bureau of Investigation • Public Health • United States Department of Agriculture • State departments of Agriculture • Food and Drug Administration • Federal Emergency Management Agency • Law enforcement • Environmental Protection Agency • Department of Transportation • Department of Fish and Wildlife

  18. Economics • Could the US economy be affected by a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak? • In a scenario such as the RVF outbreak, how could the US consumer confidence in meat, milk, eggs and other foods be affected after the diagnosis is made?

  19. Management • What modifications to Paul’s farming operation could reduce the effects of this type of incident? • What prevention or mitigation actions may have reduced the exposure of Bonnie’s goats to any disease at the exhibition?

  20. Animal Identification • How would a database of individual animal identification information and a list of pen locations of exhibited animals assist trace-back and trace-forward identification of cases of RVF?

  21. Coordinated Response • What frameworks exist for local, state, and federal agencies to provide an organized, efficient, and coordinated response? • During a RVF outbreak in the United States, what potential response tasks may be required?

  22. Public Information • How should Extension agents and veterinarians handle phone calls from the media? • What can be done to address rumors that may circulate on the Internet or by email, television, and radio during a disease outbreak like RVF?

  23. Containment/Eradication • People infected with RVF can be a source of the virus for mosquitoes and other insects. Could people be quarantined and confined to hospitals or homes in this situation? • How difficult could it be to eliminate an insect-borne foreign animal disease from North America?

  24. Containment/Eradication • What differences could geographic location have on the persistence of an insect vector-borne foreign animal disease outbreak over time?

  25. Social Effects • What psychological, social, and economic issues may arise from a foreign animal disease outbreak?

  26. Recovery • Could insurance and indemnity programs play a role in the recovery phase of a foreign animal disease outbreak?

  27. The Need for Functional Exercises

  28. Agricultural Significance/Vulnerability • Significance • Livestock and poultry - $100 billion/year • 17% of American jobs • Exports - $50 billion/year • Vulnerability • Spinach – E. coli • Peanut Butter – Salmonella • Great Britain – FMD & BSE

  29. Animal Agosecurity • Prevention • Surveillance • Local veterinarians • Extension personnel • Animal diagnostic laboratories • Producers • Biological risk management • Owners responsible for animal health • Work with animal health professionals to develop a biosecurity plan

  30. Animal Agosecurity Program • Should vary by operation • Economics • Components • Resistance • Isolation • Traffic control • Sanitation and disinfection

  31. Resistance and Isolation • Resistance • To infection • To illness after infection • As a result of vaccination • Isolation • Health monitoring • Containment for 28 days

  32. Traffic Control and Sanitation • Traffic control • People • Vehicles • Animals • Sanitation • Clean, hygienic conditions • Clothing, equipment, people, etc.

  33. Coordinated Response • Interaction among many agencies • Local • State • Federal • Common local emergency responders • Fire • Rescue • Police • EMT

  34. Local Veterinarian • Trained to recognize disease • Trained to take samples • Trained to report suspicious diseases to regulatory authorities • State Veterinarian • Federal Veterinarian

  35. Office of the State Veterinarian • Regulatory authority to enforce regulations and quarantines • Should be contacted when suspicion of an FAD or other reportable disease exists

  36. Office of the Federal Veterinarian • Has access to incredible resources • FADD • Diagnostic Laboratories • Personnel • USDA emergency funds

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