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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e. Chapter 17 PCs on a Network. Objectives. Learn about different types of physical network architectures Learn how networking works with Windows Learn how to install a network card and connect to a network

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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

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  1. A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e Chapter 17 PCs on a Network

  2. Objectives • Learn about different types of physical network architectures • Learn how networking works with Windows • Learn how to install a network card and connect to a network • Learn about sharing resources on a network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  3. Objectives (continued) • Learn how to set up and secure a wireless network • Learn about troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  4. Introduction • Topics covered in this chapter: • Technologies used to build networks • How Windows supports a network connection • How to connect a computer to a network • How network share resources are shared • How switches and routers interface networks • How to setup and secure a wireless network • How to troubleshoot a network connection A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  5. Physical Network Architectures • Elements providing an overview of networks • The different sizes of networks • The different technologies used by networks • Some networking terms • Network types commonly encountered • Ethernet • Wireless networks • Telephone networks • Mostly outdated token ring and FDDI networks A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  6. Sizes of Networks • A network links two or more computers • PAN (personal area network) • Consists of personal devices at close range • LAN (local area network) • Covers a small local area such as a home, or office • MAN (metropolitan area network) • Covers a large campus or city • WAN (wide area network) • Covers a large geographical area; e.g., the Internet A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  7. Networking Technologies • Factors driving network evolution: • The type of data the network is intended to support • The data capacity on the network • How a network is to fit among other networks • Bandwidth (data throughput or line speed): • Analog systems: measured in cycles/sec (hertz or Hz) • Digital systems: measured in Kbps, Mbps, or Gbps • As networks grow, the need for bandwidth grows A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  8. Additional Terms Used in Networking • Node (host): one device on a network; e.g., server • Network adapter: interfaces a PC with a network • Network interface card (NIC): fits in a PCI slot • Adapter (MAC, physical, or hardware) address: • 48-bit (6-byte) id number hard-coded on card • Example: 00-0C-6E-4E-AB-A5 • Network protocols: rules of communication • Packets (datagrams or frames) • Basic unit of data transmitted on a network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  9. Figure 17-1 Ethernet network card showing its MAC address A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  10. Introducing Ethernet • Ethernet types (categorized by speed): • 10-Mbps Ethernet • 100-Mbps or Fast Ethernet • 1000-Mbps or Gigabit Ethernet • 10-Gigabit Ethernet • Types of cabling used: • Two kinds of twisted-pair • Unshielded twisted pair (UTP): four pairs of twisted wire • Shielded twisted pair (STP): protected from EMI • Coaxial cable: single copper wire with braided shield • Fiber-optic: glass strands inside protective tubing A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  11. Table 17-2 Variations of Ethernet and Ethernet cabling A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  12. Figure 17-4 Fiber-optic cables contain a glass core for transmitting light A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  13. Introducing Ethernet (continued) • Topology: arrangement of nodes in a network • Bus topology: connects all nodes with a line (no hub) • Star topology • Connects nodes to central hub (or switch) • The hub broadcasts a data packet to every device • Switch uses a table to route packet to receiving device • Scale networks by adding switches • Star bus topology: • Multiple switches form a bus network • Nodes connected to each switch form a star A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  14. Figure 17-6 Nodes on an Ethernet network can be connected to one another in a star or bus formation A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  15. Figure 17-10 A star bus network uses more than one switch A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  16. Introducing Ethernet (continued) • Attenuation: the weakening of a transmitted signal • Repeater: device used to amplify a signal in a LAN • Amplifier repeater: simplyamplifies incoming signal • Signal-regenerating repeater • Reads and copies the signal (without noise) • Transmits an exact duplicate of the original • Ethernet uses a signal-regenerating repeater • A switch or hub can act as the repeater A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  17. Figure 17-14 A repeater on a network restores the clarity of the signal, which degrades over a distance because of attenuation A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  18. Wireless Networks • Use radio waves or infrared light to connect PCs • Popular in places where cables are difficult to install • 802.11wireless (Wi-Fi or Wireless Fidelity) • Types: 802.11 Draft N (300 Mbps), 802.11g (54 Mbps) (most popular), 802.11b (11 Mbps), 802.11a (54 Mbps) • Ad hoc mode: directly links two wireless devices • Access point (AP): connects wireless device to LAN • WiMAX (802.16 Wireless) - Used in public hot spots and as a last mile solution • Bluetooth: short range standard; e.g., optical mouse A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  19. Figure 17-16 Nodes on a wireless LAN connect to a cabled network by way of an access point A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  20. A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  21. Telephone Networks • Plain old telephone service (POTS) • Switching creates closed circuits between phones • VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) • Uses packets of data to communicate • Cellular WAN • Made up cells created by base stations • Cellular WAN standards • GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) – Uses a swappable SIM card • CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) – Was predominant in US until recently A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  22. Figure 17-20 A cellular WAN is made up of many cells that provide coverage over a wide area A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  23. Telephone Networks (continued) • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • New communication protocol using data packets • Allowing for Data Services on Cellular Phones • Two types of transmission: • Full-duplex: allows both users to talk and transmit • Half-duplex: allows only one user on a channel • Satellite phone: communicates with satellites • Cordless phone: communicates with phone base • Radio phone: uses VHF radio waves allowing you to communicate over radio waves A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  24. Figure 17-21 Full-duplex and half-duplex transmissions A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  25. Token Ring and FDDI • Token Ring is physically a star, logically a ring • Components of a token ring: • Multistation Access Unit (MSAU or MAU) • Token Ring LAN card connecting node to MSAU • UTP or STP cables with two twisted pairs • RJ-45 or Universal Data Connector (UDC) • Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) • Uses a token that travels in a ring like a Token Ring • Data frames travel on the ring without the token A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  26. Windows on a Network • Major software components on a network • An operating system installed on each PC • Network operating system (NOS) for larger networks • Peer-to-peer network (workgroup) • Each PC has the same authority on the network • Client/server model (domain) • Access to network resources controlled by an NOS • Server is called a domain controller • A few network operating systems • Windows 2003 Server, Novell NetWare, Linux A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  27. Four Suites of Protocols • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) • Primary protocol used on the Internet • IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange) • Designed for use with Novell NetWare • NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) • Supports NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) • AppleTalk • Proprietary networking protocol suite for Macs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  28. Four Suites of Protocols (continued) • Using a protocol on the network • Install a NIC card in the computer • Connect network cable to network device; e.g., a switch • NIC card binds to higher level protocol; e.g., TCP/IP • How to identify which protocols are used in Windows • Look at the properties of a network connection • More than one OS protocol can be used on a network • New protocols may be installed • Network printers can be accessed in various ways A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  29. Figure 17-26 Three Windows XP network protocols are installed and two protocols are bound to this network card A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  30. Addressing on a Network • Four methods used to identify devices and programs • Using a MAC address • Using an IP address • Using character-based names (host, domain, NetBIOS) • Using a Port address • IP addresses • Also called a Logical Address • Used in TCP/IP to identify any device on the network • 4 bytes (octets) separated by dots; e.g., 190.180.40.120 • System allows for up to 4.3 billion IP addresses • First part identifies network, last part identifies host A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  31. Figure 17-27 Computers on the same LAN use MAC addresses to communicate, but computers on different LANs use IP addresses to communicate over the Internet A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  32. Addressing on a Network (continued) • Classes of IP addresses • Class A: first octet for network, remainder for host • Class B: two octets for network, remainder for host • Class C: three octets for network, remainder for host • Class D: reserved for multicasting • Class E: reserved for research • Subnet mask • Octets used to identify if PCs are in same network • Ex: if subnet is 255.0.0.0, the first octets must match • Two types: classful and classless (CIDR) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  33. Table 17-3 Classes of IP addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  34. Figure 17-31 The network portion and host portion for each class of IP addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  35. Addressing on a Network (continued) • IP address categories • Public IP address: available for use on the Internet • Private IP address: only used on a private intranet • Static IP address: permanently assigned to a node • Dynamic IP address: assigned for current session • Solutions for IP address shortages • 1. Private IP addresses • 2. Dynamic IP addressing (may be combined with 1) • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)server • Manages dynamically assigned IP addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  36. Addressing on a Network (continued) • Network address translation (NAT) • Presents public IP address for PC with private address • A proxy server makes the IP address substitutions • Proxy server: node between the network and the Internet • Router can act as proxy server, DHCP server, firewall • Name resolution: links a name to an IP address • DNS (Domain Name System): tracks host names • WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service) • Tracks NetBIOS names; e.g., joesmith, Workstation12 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  37. Installing a NIC and Connecting to a Network • Components needed to connect a PC to a network • NIC and network port or wireless NIC card in the PC • Patch cable • Device for the PC to connect to, such as a router • NIC card selection criteria • NIC should match type of bus on motherboard • NIC should match speed and type of network • Wireless NIC should match network technology A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  38. Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP • Overview of installation steps • Determine whether driver or NIC is installed first • If NIC precedes driver, install NIC and turn on PC • Follow instructions in Found New Hardware Wizard • Verify driver installation using the Device Manager • Update the driver if necessary • Connect patch cable to NIC port and network switch • Configuring Windows 2000/XP to use a network • Name computer in System Properties dialog box A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  39. Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) • Questions to ask before configuring TCP/IP • Will the PC use dynamic or static IP addressing? • What are the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway? • A question to ask if static IP addressing is used • Do you use DNS? • If so, what are the IP addresses of your DNS servers? • Is a proxy server used to connect to other networks? • If so, what is the IP address of the proxy server? • Gateway: device that connects two networks A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  40. Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) • Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box • Used to configure TCP/IP under Windows XP • Dialog opened from Properties of Local Area Connection • NWLink or NetBEUI protocol • Used for network communication (excluding the Internet) • Can be used in combination with TCP/IP • Installed from Properties of Local Area Connection A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  41. Figure 17-39 To configure TCP/IP under Windows XP, use the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  42. Installing a Wireless Adapter in a Notebook • Wireless adapter uses a USB port or PC Card slot • Installation package includes a CD and accessories • Overview of steps for installing a Linksys adapter • Install the software from the setup CD • Plug the wireless adapter into a USB port • Launch Found New Hardware and follow instructions • Managing the issue of an unsigned driver • Find approved driver or continue installation • Deciding which installation utility to use • Choose manufacturer’s utility over Windows XP’s A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  43. Figure 17-50 Plug the wireless USB adapter into the USB port A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  44. Installing a Wireless Adapter in a Notebook (continued) • Information displayed about a current connection: • MAC address of access point device used by adapter • The current channel the connection is using • Transfer rate, throughput, link quality, signal strength • Configuration changes you can make: • Mode or network type • The SSID (service set identifier) • Encryption settings • TCP/IP configuration A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  45. Figure 17-54 Opening screen to configure a Linksys wireless adapter A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  46. Installing a Wireless Adapter in a Notebook (continued) • Connecting to a public hot spot using Windows XP • Open Wireless Network Connection dialog box • Select unsecured network from list and click Connect • Open a browser to test the connection • View link in Wireless Network Connection Status box • Two ways to troubleshoot a connection • Add network SSID in Wireless network properties • Provide MAC address to network administrator A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  47. Figure 17-62 Enter the SSID of a hot spot to which you want to connect A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  48. Using Resources on the Network • Topics to cover: • How to share folders and files • How to share applications • How to share entire hard drives A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  49. Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications • PCs in same workgroup or domain share resources • How to makes network shares available • Use My Network Places in Windows 2000/XP • Windows components required for sharing resources • Client for Microsoft Networks • Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks • Creating a network share in Windows • Use Sharing tab in Properties dialog box of target A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

  50. Figure 17-65 View and access shared resources on the network using My Network Places in Windows XP A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

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