Types of organisations and its characteristics

1. Types of organisations and its characteristics ICE1203 Information Systems Environment Dhani MustapaSchool of ICTBrunei Polytechnicmddhani@facebook.com

2. What is an organisation? • An institution • A group of people with a special purpose • An association or society of people working together to the same end • A process

3. Visualizing an organisation What does it consist?

4. Defining organisations “Organisations are social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals” – Hucynzski & Buchanan, 1997, p.2.

5. An organisation from Hucynzski & Buchanan’s perspective An organisation

6. (Hucynzski & Buchanan, 1997)

7. Defining organisations “…a group of people brought together for the purpose of achieving certain objectives. As the basic unit of an organisation is the role rather than the person in it. The organisation is maintained in existence, sometimes over long periods of time, despite many changes of members” – Stat, 1991, p.2.

8. Organisation is both an institution and a process By working definition, organisation is a social entity that has a purpose, and strategic processes involved.

9. Types of organisations An organisational type can be identified according to these three aspects:

10. Organisation in terms objectives Profit organisations in private sector • Exists primarily to generate profit. Objectives • Motivated by profit • Compete and survive • Increase productivity • Reduce the cost in productionand management

11. Organisation in terms objectives Non-profit organisations in private sector • Exists to provide a particular service to the community. Objectives • Improve the welfare of the people • Improve the state of community/society • Provide a wide range of services tocommunities, and society in general

12. Organisation in terms scope of operation ExampleLocal/national organisations MPKInternational organisations MicrosoftGovernment organisations JPM, MOENon-government organisations AIDS Council

13. Organisation in terms ownership Sole trader A single person conducting business, has full control over the business, the only decision maker and only profit earner. Partnership A business owned by two or more people, in which partners share with each other the profits or losses of the business according to their agreements.

14. Organisation in terms ownership Clubs and societies These organisations exist to pursue a common interest, either leisure or commercial interest. Trade union Association of workers who unite for a common purpose mainly to negotiate terms and conditions of employment.

15. Organisation in terms ownership Trading companies • Public companyA company whose stock/shares are traded freely or for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange. • Private companyA business owned either by non-government organisations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer its stock/shares to the general public.

16. Common characteristics of organisations

17. Objectives within organisations

18. Roles within organisations Assign roles accordingto specialization. Workload broken downinto manageable tasks.

19. Hierarchy within organisations