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Search for Magnetic Monopoles at the RHIC

Vasily Dzhordzhadze for the Monopole Group CAD Meeting BNL, March 27, 2007. Search for Magnetic Monopoles at the RHIC. Motivation. 1269 : French military engineer Pierre de Maricourt studied magnets 1873:Maxwell equations; It can be symmetrized.

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Search for Magnetic Monopoles at the RHIC

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  1. Vasily Dzhordzhadze for the Monopole Group CAD Meeting BNL, March 27, 2007 Search for Magnetic Monopoles at the RHIC

  2. Motivation • 1269: French military engineer Pierre de Maricourt studied magnets • 1873:Maxwell equations; It can be symmetrized • 1931: Dirac - Quantization of electric charge: eg = nħc/2 n=1,2,3,… gD=ħc/2e=e 137/2; g = ngD; re=e2/mec2=rM=g2/mMc2; mM=2.4 GeV • 1974: t’Hooft and Polyakov - GUT of Strong and Electroweak interactions: (SU(5)->U(1)) MM mass ~ GUT scale = 1016 – 1017 GeV • 1980-1990: Colored monopoles; Intermediate Mass MMs; Extra Dimensions, Superstring, Proton decay

  3. Magnetic Monopole mass predictions g-2 Z->ggg High Pt g’s

  4. Magnetic Monopole Properties • Coupling constant aMM=g2/ħc = e2/ħc [g/e]2=34.25>>1 • Coupling constant aem= e2/ħc = 1/137<<1 • Trajectory in Manetic field: hyperbola in r-z plane • Energy gained in a B field : W = ngBl, few GeV/kGm • Ionization a la Bethe-Bloch (Ze)2->(gb)2forb= 1, (dE/dx)MM = 4700 (dE/dx)mip Air H2

  5. Search for Magnetic Monopoles • Direct experiments: A large variety of devices to detect the signature of MM passage • Search MMs in Cosmic Rays • Search MMs stopped in mater (lunar rocks, earth ore) • Search MMs at the accelerators • Indirect experiments: Measurements of multi-photon production at the accelerators

  6. Induction Devices Method depends only on long range electromagnetic interaction. Superconducting solenoid: Di=4pNgD/L=DF/L; The change in flux induced by a monopole is 2F0, where F0=2.07x10-15 Wb is flux quantum.

  7. BNL Monopole Detector Setup Superconducting Shield LHe Dewar Vacuum Valve Superconducting Grid RHIC Beam tube Silicon Detectors Trapezoidal Transition piece Gradiometers IR Baffle Biased Screen Heat Station Heat Shield Mu Metal Shield 2 m 8

  8. Gradiometer Assembly and Silicon Detector 4K Cooling Ring Solder Tab Support Ring SQUID Silicon Gradiometer Coil 9

  9. Third Order Gradiometer • 3rd or 4th order gradiometer coils are being investigated • L3rd~2mH • L4th~3mH • 3rd order gradiometer cancels polynomial terms up to 25th degree to better than 1% • 4th order gradiometer cancels polynomial terms up to 75th degree to better than 1% 10 150mm

  10. Expected Cross sections at RHIC and LHC 11

  11. Published MM Experimental data 12

  12. SBU Dewar installation at IR2

  13. Two Dewars: SBU and BNL SBU: Storage Dewar with superconducting magnetometer and SQUID BNL: Dewar with two 3rd order gradiometers, two magnetometers and 4 SQUIDs Experimental situation 14

  14. The counterpart to the quantized elementary charge is the magnetic monopole. No monopole has been detected so far Our proposed search is to detect a monopole by means of its magnetic charge The detector can be used in future higher energy accelerators: LHC and/or ILC Summary 15

  15. Backup Slides

  16. Drell-Yan Predictions at RHIC and LHC Energies 17

  17. MMs cross section in pp interactions at RHIC and LHC s< 3.0/(e Ldt) one year Lstore avg = 6×1031 cm-2s-1 pp 100 GeV; 1.5x1032 cm-2 s-1 pp 250 GeV RHIC Lstore avg = 5×1032 cm-2s-1 for p-p at 14 TeVLHC; x20 x200

  18. MMs cross section in AuAu () RHIC and PbPb ()at LHC s< 3.0/(e Ldt) one year (107 s) Lstore avg = 8×1026 cm-2s-1 for Au-Au at 100 GeV/n RHIC Lstore avg = 1×1027 cm-2s-1 for PbPb at 5500 GeV/n LHC

  19. Luminosity Functions AuAu (), RHIC and PbPb, LHC

  20. SQUID Noise • Time resolution ~1ms • ~100ms measurement time needed to achieve0.1f0 sensitivity 0.2 0.15 f0 0.1 e s i o 0.07 N x u l F 0.05 0.03 21 20 50 100 200 500 1000 Measurement time (ms)

  21. Gradiometer • Rejects “stray” B fields but has full sensitivity to monopole signal • Built with superconductor on Si substrate (for cooling) • Built in quadrants to reduce inductance and fit into 30cm diameter commercial Si wafers 22

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