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W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08. Civil War Intro ( Ch. 15.1 & 15.2 ; pp. 406-420). I. Objectives. S. – independence protect slavery states ’ rights N . – return to Union (later ~1862-63 – end slavery, but still not full emancipation ) ( stop spread of slavery)

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W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08

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  1. W12/12/12; F12/9/11; H-F12/2-3/10; M12/8/08 Civil War Intro (Ch. 15.1 & 15.2; pp. 406-420)

  2. I. Objectives • S. – independence • protect slavery • states’ rights • N. – return to Union • (later ~1862-63 – end slavery, but still not full emancipation) • (stop spread of slavery) • Power of central government? • would continue to be issue for both sides

  3. A. Advantages & Disadvantages Confederacy Union

  4. A. Advantages & Disadvantages Confederacy Union

  5. A. Advantages & Disadvantages (#5) Confederacy Union

  6. II. Raising Troops (#1) • Volunteers • vast majority for both sides • 80% of S; 92% of N B. Draft • Confederacy - 1862 • Conscription Act (only 20%) • 20 slaves exemption

  7. II. Raising Troops (#1) (cont.) B. Draft (cont.) • Union - 1863 • Enrollment Act • Substitute/commutation (or buy out) • Loopholes – both sides – buy out/substitute • Why? Each side needs money • “rich man’s war, but poor man’s fight”

  8. II. Raising Troops (#1) (cont.) B. Draft (cont.) • NYC Draft Riots – 1863 • 5 days, hundreds killed • Veterans from Gettysburg called in • racial & class tensions exposed

  9. Map of NYC Draft Riots

  10. III. Financing War (#2) • Overview • federal spending prior to war • new concept – only ~2% of GNP prior to war • rose to ~15% of GNP during war • Q: How to pay for war? • war bonds and taxes (1st direct taxes in 30 years) • print more money (inflation!)

  11. III. Financing War (#2) (cont.) B. South • 1st war bond ($15M) – Aug. 1861 • need specie • use up most of S. specie after war bond • taxes • largely ineffective & inconsistent (only 5% of revenue in S) • location to tax collectors • paper money • printed more & more money • became worth less (cost $1 in 1861, cost $46 in 1864) • incredible inflation (9,000%)

  12. III. Financing War (#2) (cont.) C. North • war bond ($150M) • Jay Cooke • not enough specie (hoarding, overseas) • Salmon P. Chase – Treasury Sec. • Legal Tender Act (1862) • issued $150M in “greenbacks” • Inflation, • but not as bad as S. (about 80%) • Taxes • income tax, liquor tax • mix of direct & indirect taxes • much more effective than S. (about 21% of revenue)

  13. IV. Political Leadership (#3) • Lincoln vs. Davis A. South • Jefferson Davis (Pres. - MS) • fought w/ Alexander Stephens (VP – GA) • Davis: need strong central gov’t to win war • Stephens (and others): states’rights • lots of conflict, tension • one political party – • internal strife • similar to “Era of Good Feelings”

  14. IV. Political Leadership (#3) (cont.) B. North • Abraham Lincoln (Pres. – IL) • Compromise • political party strife • Dems vs. Reps • multiple beliefs • debate strengthened party loyalties • diverse opinion on cabinet • radicals and conservatives

  15. V. Border States (#4) • issue of slavery? • Lincoln avoids – Why? • keep Border States in Union • DE, MD, KY, MO (later WV) • POPB, yeomen • touchy subject throughout war, esp. w/ emancipation

  16. VI. Strategies A. North • Anaconda Strategy • blockade (US Navy) & rivers • Confed. Navy? – build from scratch • MS River – David Farragut (New Orleans) • TN River – U.S. Grant • VA – McClelland – “slows” • turnover in leadership – • Scott, McClelland, Burnside, Hooker, etc.

  17. VI. Strategies (cont.) B. South • defensive war • 2 fronts: • VA (most of fighting) • MS/TN rivers

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