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Sequencers

Sequencers. SQO,SQC,SQL. Sequencer instructions are typically used to control automatic assembly machines that have a consistent and repeatable operation.

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Sequencers

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  1. Sequencers SQO,SQC,SQL

  2. Sequencer instructions are typically used to control automatic assembly machines that have a consistent and repeatable operation. • Use the sequencer input instruction to detect when a step is complete; use the sequencer output instruction to set output conditions for the next step. • Use the sequencer input and output file.

  3. Using Sequencer Instructions: • Description: Use the SQI and SQO instructions in pairs to respectively monitor and control a sequential operation. Use the SQL instruction to load data in the sequencer file. • These instructions operate on multiples of 16 bits at a time. Place SQI instructions in series and SQO instructions in parallel in the same rung for 32-, 48-, 64-, or other bit operations. • Important: Each SQO instruction increments the control structure, so corresponding SQI instructions may miss parts of the source file.

  4. Entering Parameters: • When programming SQI and SQO instructions in pairs, use the same control address, length value, and position value in each instruction. The same applies when using multiple instructions in the same rung to double, triple, or further increase the number bits.

  5. To program sequencer instructions, you need to provide the processor with the following information: File is the indexed address of the sequencer file to or from which the instruction transfers data. Its purpose depends on the instruction:

  6. Mask (for SQO and SQI) is a hexadecimal code or the address of the mask element or file through which the instruction moves data. Set (1) mask bits to pass data; reset (0) mask bits to prevent the instruction from operating on corresponding destination bits. Specify a hexadecimal value for a constant mask value. Store the mask in an element or file if you want to change the mask according to application requirements. • Source (for SQO and SQI) is the address of the input element or file from which the instruction obtains data for its sequencer file. • Destination (for SQO, only) is the destination address of the output word or file to which the instruction moves data from its sequencer file.

  7. Important: If you use a file for the source, mask, or destination of a sequencer instruction, the instruction automatically determines the file length and moves through the file step-by-step as it moves through the sequencer file.

  8. Using SQI without SQO: another application of the SQI instruction is machine diagnostics where you load the reference file with data representing the desired sequence of machine operation. When operating, if the real time sequence of operation does not match the desired sequence of operation stored in the reference file, enable a fault signal. In this case, the ladder program externally increments the SQI instruction.To externally increment the sequencer file, use a CPT instruction to move a new position value into the SQI instruction’s control element. Do this to increment each step in the SQI instruction’s file. Rung 0 increments the SQI instruction. Rung 1 resets the position value after stepping through the file.

  9. Sequencer Load (SQL) :

  10. When the rung goes from false to true, the SQL instruction increments to the next step in the sequencer file and loads data into it, one step for each rung transition. The SQL instruction loads current data each scan that the rung remains true. A mask is not used.At start-up, when you switch the processor from Program to Run mode, the instruction operation depends on whether the rung is true or false on the first scan:If the rung is true, the instruction loads data into step 0.If the rung is false, the instruction waits for the first false-to-true rung transition and loads data into step 1.After loading the last step, the processor sets the .DN bit. ON the next false-to-true transition, the processor resets its .DN bit, resets the position to step 1, and loads data into step 1.

  11. These instructions transfer 16-bit data to word addresses for the control of sequential machine operations. • Entering Parameters: • Enter the following parameters when programming these instructions: • File is the address of the sequencer file. You must use the file indicator (#) for this address. • Sequencer file data is used as follows:

  12. Mask (SQO, SQC) is a hexadecimal code or the address of the mask word or file through which the instruction moves data. Set mask bits to pass data and reset mask bits to mask data. Use a mask word or file if you want to change the mask according to application requirements. • If the mask is a file, its length will be equal to the length of the sequencer file. The two files track automatically. • Source is the address of the input word or file for a SQC from which the instruction obtains data for comparison to its sequencer file. • Destination is the address of the output word or file for a SQO to which the instruction moves data for comparison to its sequencer file. • Note: You can address the mask, source, or destination of a sequencer instruction as a word or file. If you address it as a file (using file indicator #), the instruction automatically steps through the source, mask, or destination file. • Control (SQO,SQC) is the control structure that stores the status byte of the instruction, the length of the sequencer file, and the instantaneous position in the file. You should not use the control address for any other information.

  13. Status bits of the control structure include: -Found Bit (FD) (bit o8)- SQC only. When the status of all non-masked bits in the source address match those of the corresponding reference word, the FD bit is set. This bit is assessed each time the SQC instruction is evaluated while the rung is true. -Error Bit (ER) (bit 11) is set when the processor detects a negative position value, or a negative or zero length value. This results in a major error if not cleared before the END or TND instruction is executed. -Done Bit (DN) (bit 13) is set by the SQO or SQC instruction after it has operated on the last word in the sequencer file. It is reset on the next false-to-true rung transition after the rung goes false.

  14. -Enable (EN) (bit 15) is set by a false–to-true rung transition and indicates the SQO or SQC instruction is enabled. • *Length is the number of steps of the sequencer file starting at position 1. The maximum number you can enter is 255 words (104 words when using MicroLogix 1000 controllers). Position 0 is the startup position. The Instruction resets (wraps) to position 1 at each cycle completion. • The address assigned for a sequencer file is step zero. Sequencer instructions use length +1 word of data table files for each file referenced in the instruction. This applies to the source, mask, and/or destination if addressed as files. • * Position is the word location or step in the sequencer file from/to which the instruction moves data.

  15. Sequencer Output (SQO) & Sequencer Compare (SQC):

  16. Using SQO: • This output instruction steps through the sequencer file whose bits have been set to control various output devices. • When the rung goes from false-to-true, the instruction increments to the next step (word) in the sequencer file. Data stored there is transferred through a mask to the destination address specified in the instruction. Current data is written to the corresponding destination word every scan that the rung remains true. • The done bit is set when the last word of the sequencer file is transferred. On the next false-to-true rung transition, the instruction resets the position to step one. • If the position is equal to zero at startup, when you switch the processor from the program mode to the run mode instruction operation depends on whether the rung is true or false on the first scan. • If true, the instruction transfers the value in step zero. • If false, the instruction waits for the first rung transition from false-to-true and transfers the value in step one. • The bits mask data when reset and pass data when set. The instruction will not change the value in the destination word unless you set mask bits. The mask can be fixed or variable. It will be variable if you enter an element address or a file address for changing the mask with each step.

  17. The following figure indicates how the SQO instruction works.

  18. Entering Parameters: Enter the following parameters when programming these instructions: File is the address of the sequencer file. You must use the file indicator (#) for this address. Sequencer file data is used as follows

  19. Mask (SQO, SQC) is a hexadecimal code or the address of the mask word or file through which the instruction moves data. Set mask bits to pass data and reset mask bits to mask data. Use a mask word or file if you want to change the mask according to application requirements. • If the mask is a file, its length will be equal to the length of the sequencer file. The two files track automatically. • Source is the address of the input word or file for a SQC from which the instruction obtains data for comparison to its sequencer file. • Destination is the address of the output word or file for a SQO to which the instruction moves data for comparison to its sequencer file.

  20. Note: You can address the mask, source, or destination of a sequencer instruction as a word or file. If you address it as a file (using file indicator #), the instruction automatically steps through the source, mask, or destination file. • Control (SQO,SQC) is the control structure that stores the status byte of the instruction, the length of the sequencer file, and the instantaneous position in the file. You should not use the control address for any other information.

  21. Status bits of the control structure include: • -Found Bit (FD) (bit o8)- SQC only. When the status of all non-masked bits in the source address match those of the corresponding reference word, the FD bit is set. This bit is assessed each time the SQC instruction is evaluated while the rung is true. • -Error Bit (ER) (bit 11) is set when the processor detects a negative position value, or a negative or zero length value. This results in a major error if not cleared before the END or TND instruction is executed. • -Done Bit (DN) (bit 13) is set by the SQO or SQC instruction after it has operated on the last word in the sequencer file. It is reset on the next false-to-true rung transition after the rung goes false. • -Enable (EN) (bit 15) is set by a false–to-true rung transition and indicates the SQO or SQC instruction is enabled.

  22. *Length is the number of steps of the sequencer file starting at position 1. The maximum number you can enter is 255 words (104 words when using MicroLogix 1000 controllers). Position 0 is the startup position. The Instruction resets (wraps) to position 1 at each cycle completion. • The address assigned for a sequencer file is step zero. Sequencer instructions use length +1 word of data table files for each file referenced in the instruction. This applies to the source, mask, and/or destination if addressed as files. • * Position is the word location or step in the sequencer file from/to which the instruction moves data.

  23. Using SQO: • This output instruction steps through the sequencer file whose bits have been set to control various output devices. • When the rung goes from false-to-true, the instruction increments to the next step (word) in the sequencer file. Data stored there is transferred through a mask to the destination address specified in the instruction. Current data is written to the corresponding destination word every scan that the rung remains true. • The done bit is set when the last word of the sequencer file is transferred. On the next false-to-true rung transition, the instruction resets the position to step one. • If the position is equal to zero at startup, when you switch the processor from the program mode to the run mode instruction operation depends on whether the rung is true or false on the first scan. If true, the instruction transfers the value in step zero. • If false, the instruction waits for the first rung transition from false-to-true and transfers the value in step one.

  24. The bits mask data when reset and pass data when set. The instruction will not change the value in the destination word unless you set mask bits. The mask can be fixed or variable. It will be variable if you enter an element address or a file address for changing the mask with each step. • The following figure indicates how the SQO instruction works

  25. Using SQC: • When the status of all non-masked bits in the source word match those of the corresponding reference word, the instruction sets the found bit (FD) in the control word. Otherwise the found bit (FD) is cleared. • The bits mask data when reset and pass data when set. • The mask can be fixed or variable, If you enter a hexadecimal code, it is fixed. If you enter an element address or a file address for changing the mask with each step, it is variable. • When the rung goes from false-to-true, the instruction increments to the next step (word) in the sequencer file. Data stored there is transferred through a mask and compared against the source data for equality. If the source data equals the reference data, the FD bit is set in the SQC’s control counter. Current data is compared against the source every scan that the rung evaluates at true. • Applications of the SQC instruction include machine diagnostics. The following figure explains how the SQC instruction works.

  26. Sequencer Load (SQL): • The SQL instruction stores 16-bit data into a sequencer load file at each step of sequencer operation. The source of this data can be I/O or storage word address, a file address, or a constant.

  27. Entering Parameters: • Enter the following parameters when programming this instruction: • File is the address of the sequencer file. You must use the file indicator (#) for this address. • Source can be a word address, file address, or a constant (-32768 to 32767). • If the source is a file address, the file length equals the length of the sequencer load file. The two files will step automatically, per the position value. • Length is the number of steps of the sequencer load file (and also of the source if the source is a file address), starting at position 1. The maximum number you can enter is 255 words (104 words when using MicroLogix 1000 controllers). Position 0 is the startup position. The instruction resets (wraps) to position 1 at each cycle completion.

  28. The position address assigned for a sequencer file is step zero. Sequencer instructions use length plus one word of data for each file referenced in the instruction. This applies to the source if addressed as a file. • A length value that points past the end of the programmed file causes a runtime major error to occur. If you alter a length value with your ladder program, make certain that the altered value is valid. • Position is the word location or step in the sequencer file to which data is moved. • A position value that points past the end of the programmed file causes a runtime major error to occur. If you alter a position value with your ladder program, make certain that the altered value is valid. • Control is a control file address. The status bits, length value, and position value are stored in this element. Do not use the control file address for any other instruction.

  29. The control element is shown below. Status bits of the control structure include: Error Bit ER (bit 11) is set when the processor detects a negative position value, or a negative or zero length value. For SLC processors this results in a major error if not cleared before the END or TND instruction is executed. For Micro Logix 1000 controllers, when the ER bit is set the minor error bit (S5:2) is also set. Both bits must be cleared. Done Bit DN (bit 13) is set after the instruction has operated on the last word in the sequencer load file. It is reset on the next false-to-true rung transition after the rung goes false. Enable Bit EN (bit 15) is set on a false-to-true transition of the SQL rung and reset on a true-to-false transition.

  30. Operation:Instruction parameters have been programmed in the SQL instruction shown below. Input word I:1.0 is the source. Data in this word is loaded into integer file #N7:30 by the sequencer load instruction.

  31. When rung conditions change from false-to-true, the SQL enable bit (EN) is set. The control element R6:4 increments to the next position in the sequencer file, and loads the contents of source I:1.0 into this location, The SQL instruction continues to load the current data into this location each scan that the rung remains true. When the rung goes false, the enable bit (EN) is reset. • The instruction loads data into a new file element at each false-to-true transition of the rung. When step 4 is completed, the done bit (DN) is set. Operation cycles to position 1 at the next false-to-true transition of the rung after position 4. • If the source were a file address such as #N7:40, files #N7:40 and #N7:30 would both have a length of 5(0-4) and would track through the steps together per the position value.

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