Emblem of the University The Sacred Scarab Khepri

1. Emblem of the University The Sacred Scarab Khepri

2. Towards Developing Science Parks in Egypt The Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Experience: Industry Perspective Amir Wassef Founding Member and Industry Representative

3. Hypothesis • Science Parks are not an end in themselves but means towards an End • The End is growing the Economy and satisfying the Needs of Society • For establishing a system of effective Science Parks we need to examine the factors affecting links between Industry and Academia.

4. Concepts Discussed • Ind-Academia Relations: Postulates • Economic Developments: Issues in Developing Economies • Industry in Developing Economies • Research Funding • Industry-Academia Relations: • Classical Paradigm • Emerging Paradigm • Models of New Paradigm • Research Models Classical & Emerging • Japanese System • Role of Government • Action Plan • Government Policy • Industry • Academia

5. Industry and Academia Relations in Developing Economies The Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Experience: Industry Perspective Amir Wassef Founding Member and Industry Representative

6. Background and Foundation Part I

7. Postulates [1] • Economic growth is driven by the ability to harness the power of science and technology through Innovation and Entrepreneurship • Innovation is more likely to come from SME’s rather than large corporations. • Growing the economy implies addressing factors that affect the competitiveness of industry in the context of the various phases of economic development

8. Postulates [2] • Economically viable NationalStrategicProjectsare crucial in fostering innovations through cooperation between Academia and Industry in developing economies. [Crucial role of the Higher Council of Science and Technology] • Government policies need to provide incentives for business funding of academic research • Government funds are essential to bridge the gap between proof of concept and early stage research financing (Bridging the “Valley of Death”)

9. Postulates [3] • The motivations for industry and academia to conduct research are quite different: Common grounds must be endorsed. [Political Support] • Research grants are attractive to industry because they do not dissolve equity. • Grants for early stage can be used to leverage commercial funds

10. Postulates [4] • IPR issues related to Joint inventions must be well addressed: Disclosure of proprietary knowledge is an industry concern, but essential in academia • Legal and legislative issues can be a serious obstacle in Academia-Business dynamics • Venture Capital in most developing economies is still a myth…

11. Sustainable Economic Growth

12. National Programs

13. Factors for Sustainable Growth

14. The Bigger Picture Stages of Economic Development

15. Economic Development

16. The Divide

17. Issues in Developing Economies • Lack of clear strategy for R&D • Low funding for R&D as percentage of GDP: Is funding of research an expense or an investment? • No mechanism for linking R&D in academia with industry and societal needs • Issues in management of research facilities • Brain Drain • Unattractive remunerations • Modest human resources quality and skills • Outdated laboratories and research facilities

18. Industry in Developing Economies Prevalent Characteristics

19. Industry situation in Developing Economies • Fragmentation • Low overall entry barriers • No economies of scale • Insignificant experience curve • High supply chain costs • Low bargaining power with suppliers and consumers • Diverse product line and lack of standards • High exit barriers • Imperfect market • Poor / Lack of information • Weak Judiciary System • Weak markets and Low income per capita • Limited Financial Tools / Limited Growth potential

20. Generic Classification of Industry Is Industry Homogeneous?

21. Generic Classification of Industry [Porter] • Cost Leaders • Differentiated • Focused (niche markets) • Focused cost leader • Differentiated cost leader Differentiated Cost Leader

22. Transitioning Growth, Innovation, Competitiveness and Sustainability

23. Industry Transitions Lead To Economic Growth

24. Industry Transitions

25. Research Funding Facts and Figures

26. Industry’s Contribution to Research Facts and Figures

27. GERDSources of Research Funding [2009]

28. Industry’s Contribution to Academic Research

29. Industry Contribution to Academic Research

30. Industry Contribution to Academic Research Robert J.W. Tijssen Center for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS)Leiden University, The Netherlands IREG 5 Conference, Berlin, 6-8 October 2010

31. Industry- Academia RelationThe classical paradigm Simple Bilateral Relation

32. Classic Paradigm • Consultations: Mainly one-way Mainly one-way

33. Industry-Academia Relations The Extended Paradigm

34. Who are the Stakeholders in Industry –Academia Relations? • Government [Instigator and Catalyst] • Industry [Principal delivery tool] • Academia/ Research Institutes • Society [Ultimate Beneficiary]

35. Science Park

36. Academia –Industry-Government Models

37. Research Model The Extended Paradigm

38. Classical Research Paradigm • Linear model of Research Education

39. New paradigm in Research Adapted fm Charles W. Wessner :Converting Res. Into Innovation & growth • Iterative Model Education

40. The Model of Japan Part II E-JUST: Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology

41. Research Funding in Japan

43. Source JST

44. R&D Governance through MEXT

45. Political Factor in S&T in Japan

47. Role of JST agency

48. Research Activities Propagation

49. METI’s NEDO Role in R&D

50. The Role of Governments in Fostering Industry-Academia Relations :Pre-requisites for Establishing Science & Technology Parks Part III