Introduction and Context

1. The Establishment of Uniform Standards and Guidelines on Land Transport Security in a Non-Uniform Environment Paul Murphy,GHD Pty Ltd, Australia.

2. Introduction and Context

3. National Centre for Security Standards • Listed below are the objectives of the National Centre for Security Standards. • Facilitate the timely identification, development, and adoption of standards responsive to the needs identified by key stakeholders. • Provide a forum to bring together individual industries, standards developing organisations, and governmental units to define needs, determine work plans and establish priorities for updating standards or creating new standards • Solicit participation from national security-related sectors that have not traditionally participated in the voluntary standards system.

4. National Centre for Security Standards • Listed below are the objectives of the National Centre for Security Standards. (Continued) • Promote collaborative efforts between national and international standards developing organisations to establish work plans, to develop joint and/or complementary standards to address a specifically identified gap, and to do so in a timely manner. • As appropriate, coordinate with other national, regional, and international efforts addressing national security standards. • Provide guidelines in a holistic approach to security in personnel, physical, logical and procedural areas in the context of critical infrastructure, special events, day-to-day delivery of government services, requirements for business and other relevant areas. • Incorporate the concept of business continuity management into this holistic approach. 

5. World Standards Cooperation To assist the transit community in meeting the challenges through standards solutions, a presentation was made at the fourth meeting of the ISO/IEC/ITU-T Strategic Advisory Group on Security, 12-13 April 2007. As a result, the following resolution was passed: Resolution 2 - Proposed International Workshop on Transit SecurityStandardization The SAG-S thanks ANSI for the offer of organizing an International Workshop on "Transit Security" and requests they move ahead with the planning as soon as possible. Subsequently, the leadership bodies of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approved this event to be convened under the World Standards Cooperation (WSC) designation.

6. ANSI - HSSP • Established by ANSI in February 2003, per its charter the ANSI –HSSP has as its scope to: • catalogue, • promote, • accelerate and • Coordinate, • The timely development of consensus standards within the national and international voluntary standards systems intended to meet identified • homeland security needs, and communicate the existence of such standards appropriately to governmental units and the private sector. • The Panel supports the work of the DHS Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate’s Office of Standards.

7. International Working Group on Land Transport Security (IwoGLaTS) • Tokyo ministerial conference (G8)(January 2006) proposed IWoGLaTS • To facilitate the sharing of best practices • To enhance cooperation in passenger rail and transit security • Building on the result of the existing work in G8 and other for a • Key Focus Areas: • Technical screening trials • Risk-based screening method • Measures for railway security, prevention of terrorism, passenger awareness • Security partnership between railway police and rail companies • CCTV systems in the mass passenger transport sector for counter-terrorism • Impact of explosions on stations and rollingstock

8. The Challenges of Overlap • You will note however that most of the organisations are seeking to develop, practical solutions to problems that are being experienced elsewhere in the world. Their challenges and areas of practice are: • Specific • limited to a specific subject area • are seeking to develop and understanding of a topic and / or consensus regarding good practices, • and are not intended to be autocratic.

9. Standards or Guidelines • Standards • The views of all interests are taken into account: manufacturers, vendors and users, consumer groups, testing laboratories, governments, engineering professions and research organisations. • GuidelinesGlobal solutions to satisfy industries and customers worldwide.Recommended Practice • International standardization is market driven and therefore based on voluntary involvement of all interests in the market-place. • All three are guides for practice • provide evidence for “best” practices, • can be used for quality improvement, • can provide legal definition or explanation, • can be used to identify risks, and • often are used to identify competencies.

10. Standards and Guideline Development • ConsensusThe views of all interests are taken into account: manufacturers, vendors and users, consumer groups, testing laboratories, governments, engineering professions and research organisations. • Industry wideGlobal solutions to satisfy industries and customers worldwide.VoluntaryInternational standardization is market driven and therefore based on voluntary involvement of all interests in the market-place.

11. The Non-Uniform Environment • Land Transport, particularly the mass transit environment, is unique in its operating environment and inter-alia, its security environment in comparison to both maritime and aviation transport. • Land transport security needs to be capable of accommodating: • The openness and accessibility of the system • The extensive and ubiquitous nature of the system • Achieving an efficiency and the ultimate objective of land transport (particularly mass transit), and • Achieving commonality of operating regimes across a vast array of operating, ownership and culturally diverse environments.

12. The Non-Uniform Environment • The measures that should be applied to a particular network or type of asset are largely dependant upon : • the particular threats applicable to that specific piece of infrastructure, asset type or operation • the intent and capabilities of the aggressors in that region. • Factors such as : • economics of operation, • staffing and passenger models, • cultural and political considerations • will also impact upon the way in which security services and solutions are implemented, leading to a challenging and non-uniform environment

13. A Heirarchy ofAgreement • In developing guidelines a good hierarchical model for development purposes is as follows (adapted from Australian Building Code: • Objective • Function • Performance • Compliance / Assessment Criteria • Good Practice Information / Lessons learnt / standards supporting the above points • What Can Readily Be Agreed? • Objective - Consistently • Function – Consistently • Performance – Partially • Compliance / Assessment Criteria – Not readily • Good Practice – growing progressively. • The Sandwich Effect!

14. Some Examples • Objectives – (Limit to a focussed number – no more than 3) • safety and security of passengers, staff and the community whilst maintaining a viable transit system • Functional Statements • What are the key parameters that would need to be fulfilled in order to achieve the overall object?(They need to be the wildly important statements – and not the conventional statements) • Performance Statements • Performance requirements – [Specific performance standards / criteria that need to be applied to achieve a functional requirement] for example if risk based decision making is identified as a functional requirement – the performance requirement would be for risk assessment in accordance with ASNZS4360 etc-

15. Security is always excessive until it is not enough

16. Any Questions?

17. The Establishment of Uniform Standards and Guidelines on Land Transport Security in a Non-Uniform Environment Paul Murphy,GHD Pty Ltd, Australia.