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F ORESTS AND THE K YOTO P ROTOCOL

F ORESTS AND THE K YOTO P ROTOCOL. Carbon Sinks in the CDM: Policy, Opportunities & Challenges. Darren C Goetze Senior Policy Advisor International Affairs Div., Climate Change Bureau. Overview. Environmental potential of sinks project Current status of sinks in the CDM

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F ORESTS AND THE K YOTO P ROTOCOL

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  1. FORESTS AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL Carbon Sinks in the CDM: Policy, Opportunities & Challenges Darren C Goetze Senior Policy Advisor International Affairs Div., Climate Change Bureau

  2. Overview • Environmental potential of sinks project • Current status of sinks in the CDM • Towards a CDM sinks strategy • Case studies • Conclusion

  3. Potential Sinks Projects • Direct reduction of emissions • reducing deforestation by protecting forests under threat of conversion to agriculture or pasture, • reducing forest degradation by protecting natural forests from the impacts of human activities, • substituting biomass energy sources for fossil fuels, • slowing/reversing degradation of agricultural soils. • Indirect reduction of emissions via sequestration • restoring natural forests in deforested/degraded areas, • expanding agroforests and plantations.

  4. Co-benefits of Sinks Projects • Biodiversity • Habitat preservation/expansion • Desertification • Soil moisture conservation • Soil stabilization/erosion prevention • Socio-economic • Sustainable use of non-wood products • Economic development

  5. Bonn Agreement • Afforestation and reforestation projects eligible under the CDM • Credits limited to 1% of Annex I Party’s base year emissions per year • Equivalent to ca. 50 Mt C/yr (total Annex I)

  6. Marrakech Accord Relevant elements of the deal include: • Prompt start of the CDM • Modalities and procedures • Simplified modalities and procedures for some small-scale projects by CoP 8 • “Other project activities that both reduce anthropogenic emissions by sources and that directly emit less than 15 kt CO2/ yr”

  7. Missing Pieces Still required for operationalizing CDM afforestation and reforestation projects: • Definitions and modalities • Workshop before SBSTA 16 • Decision at CoP 9 • Good practice guidance • Part of IPCC work programme

  8. Definitions and Modalities • Definitions should be consistent with those decided for Article 3 activities • Modalities should be guided by the IPCC SR LULUCF project chapter

  9. Towards a Sinks Project Strategy Elements of Success • Secure, high-quality carbon credits • Risk-management and dilution key • Matching credit stream to investor carbon liabilities • Improved sustainability of ecosystem services • Deliver high co-benefits • Recognition of local resource use • Meet the need, don’t fight it • Contribution to local economic development • Sustainable income potentials, local partners

  10. Towards a Sinks Project Strategy Recommended focus: • Portfolio of multi-component projects that deliver high environmental co-benefits and engage local communities

  11. Case Study – Nyakach, Kenya Nyakach Region Biomass Enhancement Project • Reforestation of ca. marginal semi-arid low-lying plains in Nyakach region with sisal and Prosopis • Reduced rate of deforestation and environmental degradation • Co-benefits include • Soil rehabilitation • Quality fodder and cleaner biofuel for cooking and heating • Wood, fiber and dyes for local entrepreneurs • Poverty alleviation, improved living standard for women

  12. Case Study – Colombia Andean Biodiversity Corridor Project • Reforestation project to build 2 biodiversity corridors by restoring native biomes around existing forest fragments • Silvo-pastoril buffers on edges of the corridors • Build on ongoing research and conservation in corridors supported by GEF • Umbrella Project with heavy local involvement • Sequestration of ca. 76 Mt C over 50 year project lifetime

  13. Case Study – Colombia • Co-benefits include • Agro-forestry programs for local energy/heat • Wood Energy Source protects corridor • Silvo-pastoril milk cow management with nitrogen-fixing legumes • Provide High Quality Fodder for Cows • Coexists with Local Pasture Species

  14. Conclusion • Eligibility and credits limited, uncertainty remains, sinks still regarded with suspicion • 1st CP key: Must pick projects strategically, manage risk carefully and deliver high co-benefits FOR MORE INFO... Darren Goetze, Senior Policy Advisor Environment Canada < darren.goetze@ec.gc.ca >

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