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Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian Genetics. Allele A version of a gene Dominant Allele that may mask the presence of another Recessive Allele that may be masked by another Heterozygous The 2 alleles are different Homozygous The 2 alleles are identical. P Extra Fingers. P Extra Fingers. ♂. ♀.

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Mendelian Genetics

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  1. Mendelian Genetics

  2. Allele A version of a gene Dominant Allele that may mask the presence of another Recessive Allele that may be masked by another Heterozygous The 2 alleles are different Homozygous The 2 alleles are identical P Extra Fingers P Extra Fingers ♂ ♀ Chromatin in a Normal Cell(one length from each parent) F Free f Attached Earlobe Gene a Albino a albino Melanin Gene Polydactyly Gene

  3. Genotype The set of alleles an organism possesses Phenotype The genetic outcome resulting from the genotype P Extra Fingers P Extra Fingers ♂ ♀ Chromatin in a Normal Cell(one length from each parent) F Free f attached Earlobe Gene a albino a albino Melanin Gene Polydactyly Gene

  4. f f f f f f F F F F F F Inheritance

  5. Exact copies Pure bred parents PP x pp p p P P What will the F1 offspring look like? Phenotype = 100% Purple Genotype = 100% Heterozygous P p What will the F2 offspring look like? Phenotype = 75% Purple 25% white Genotype = 100% Homo. Dominant, 50% Hetero., 25% Homo. Recessive

  6. Dihybrid Cross GgYy PHENOTYPE G-Y- : 9 G-yy : 3 ggY- : 3 ggyy : 1 Gy gY gy GY GY GGYY GGYy GgYY GgYy Gy GGYy GGyy GgYy Ggyy ggYY gY GgYY GgYy ggYy gy GgYy Ggyy ggYy ggyy

  7. Law of segregation: two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed Law of Independent assortment: Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation

  8. Codominance • Both alleles are detectable in a specimen • Gene: Cattle coat color Alleles CR = red CW = White Genotypes CRCR = red coat CWCW = white coat CRCW = roan coat

  9. Multiple Alleles • More than two alleles exist for a gene • Human Blood Type • IA = Type A carbs on RBC surface • IB = Type B carbs on RBC surface • i = Neither type on RBC surface

  10. Genotype Antibodies Blood Type Multiple Alleles Universal Acceptor Universal Donor

  11. Linked Genes

  12. Human Genetics

  13. Polygenic Chrom.15 Chrom.19 Dominance • Brown over • Blue over • Green

  14. Sex linked: traits are tied to X or Y Y Xr XR Y XR Y XR XR Xr XR Y XR XR XR XR Xr Y XR Xr Xr XR Xr XR Y

  15. Sex linked: traits are tied to X or Y Color blindness:males Recessive x linked Abnormal production of pigment(protein) Does not absorb red green light Y Xr XR Y XR Y XR XR Xr XR Y XR XR XR XR Xr Y XR Xr Xr XR Xr XR Y

  16. Sex influenced • Trait not tied to sex chromosome • Autosomal chromosome produces protein which affects the production of other proteins. • Testosterone affects the production and location of hair in males.

  17. Patterns of Inheritance Polygenic: Eye color, skin color, height Complex characters: Skin color=sun, Multiple alleles: Blood type Incomplete Dominance: Red x White= Pink X-linked: Color blindness, fruit fly eyes Sex influenced: Male pattern baldness Single alleles: Huntington’s disease,

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