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Chemical storage

Chemical storage. BACKGROUND. Fire and explosion are only two of the many hazards. Over 500 chemical-storage incidents were over the past 5 years. These incidents occurred due to unsafe chemical storage practices. Storage-related incidents. Principal causes:

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Chemical storage

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  1. Chemical storage B.Brazier 2010

  2. BACKGROUND • Fire and explosion are only two of the many hazards. • Over 500 chemical-storage incidents were over the past 5 years. • These incidents occurred due to unsafe chemical storage practices. B.Brazier 2010

  3. Storage-related incidents • Principal causes: • 1. Improper or non-existent labeling of chemicals in storage. • 2. Storage of chemicals beyond the recommended shelf-life. • 3. Degradation of chemical storage containers. ("Polyethylene Bottles Containing Corrosive Chemicals May Deteriorate With Prolonged Use," B.Brazier 2010

  4. IMPROPER LABELING • Small amounts of "left-over" chemicals had accumulated over several years. • The chemicals were prepared for recycling or disposal by removing the chemicals from their individual containers and putting them into a plastic bucket. • Powder that was thought to be a base material was poured from an unlabeled jar into the bucket, resulting in spontaneous ignition. • The building then had to be evacuated, and the fire department was summoned to put out the fire. • Analysis performed by the laboratory later revealed that the powder was maleic anhydride, B.Brazier 2010

  5. EXTENDED TIME IN STORAGE • Unrefrigerated ether cannot be stored safely for over 6 months because peroxides, which are shock-sensitive, can form and cause an explosion. • The building that housed the 18 ether containers had to be evacuated, and barricades had to be assembled to protect flammable inventory. • The peroxides were then neutralized with ferrous sulphate, and all 21 containers were removed. • Periodic inspection and removal of outdated chemicals in storage would have prevented the incident. B.Brazier 2010

  6. Storage rules • Label all chemicals. The name and address of the manufacturer or other responsible party must be listed on the label. Chemicals with a shelf life should be labeled with the date received. • Store chemicals in the locations recommended (i.e., where the temperature range, vibration, or the amount of light does not exceed the manufacturer's recommendations). Make sure that chemicals that are stored together are compatible. B.Brazier 2010

  7. Storage rules 3. Inspect annually all chemicals in stock and storage. 4. Hazardous chemicals should be inspected every 6 months. 5. Some hazardous chemicals may require more frequent inspections. 6. Any outdated materials should be properly disposed of or replaced if necessary B.Brazier 2010

  8. Rules 7. Keep only enough inventory necessary for uninterrupted operation. 8. Chemical inventory should be maintained at a minimum to reduce fire, exposure, and disposal hazards 9. Rotate new shipments of chemicals with existing stock so that the oldest stock is available first. B.Brazier 2010

  9. Storing Acids • Store large bottles of acids on low shelf or in acid cabinets. • Segregate oxidizing acids from organic acids, flammables and combustible materials. • Segregate acids from bases and active metals such as sodium, potassium, etc. • Use bottle carrier for transporting acid bottles. • Have spill control pillows or acid neutralizers available in case of spill. B.Brazier 2010

  10. Strong Oxidizing Acids • Chromic Acid • Nitric Acid • Hydrobromic Acid • Perchloric Acid • Iodic Acid • Sulfuric Acid B.Brazier 2010

  11. Organic Acids • Acetic Acid • Phenol • Benzoic Acid • Trichloracetic Acid B.Brazier 2010

  12. Storing Bases • Segregate bases from acids • Store solutions of inorganic hydroxides in polyethylene containers. • Have spill control pillows or caustic neutralizers available for spills. B.Brazier 2010

  13. Bases • Ammonium Hydroxide • Calcium Hydroxide • Bicarbonates • Potassium Hydroxide • Carbonates • Sodium Hydroxide B.Brazier 2010

  14. Flammable • Store in approved safety cans or cabinets • Segregate from oxidizing acids and oxidizers. • Keep away from any source of ignition: flames, heat or sparks. • Know where fire fighting equipment is stored and how to use. • If volatile flammable liquids are stored in a refrigerator it must be in an explosion-proof (lab-safe) refrigerator. B.Brazier 2010

  15. Flammable Solids • Benzoyl peroxide • Phosphorous, yellow • Calcium Carbide • Picric Acids B.Brazier 2010

  16. Flammable Gases • Hydrogen Sulfide • Ethane • Methane • Ethyl Chloride • Propane • Ethylene • Propylene • Acetylene • Ethylene Oxide • Ammonia • Formaldehyde • Butane • Hydrogen • Carbon Monoxide B.Brazier 2010

  17. Storage of Oxidizers • Store in a cool, dry place. • Keep away from flammable and combustible materials, such as paper or wood. • Keep away from reducing agents such as zinc, alkaline metals, formic acid. B.Brazier 2010

  18. Oxidizers - Solids • Permanganic Acid • Periodic Acid • Potassium Dichromate • Potassium Ferricyanide • Potassium Permanganate • Potassium Persulfate • Peroxides, Salts of • Sodium Chlorite, • Sodium DichromateIodates • Sodium Nitrate • Sodium Perborate • Ammonium Dichromate • Nitrates • Ammonium Perchlorate • Ammonium Persulfate • Benzoyl Peroxide • Bromates • Calcium Hypochlorite • Chlorates • Chromium Trioxide • Ferric Trioxide • Ferric Chloride • Hypochlorite • Iodine B.Brazier 2010

  19. Pyrophoric Substances: • These ignite spontaneously on contact with air. Store in a cool, dry place. Iron* Lead* Manganese* Nickel* Cobalt* Phosphorous, Sodium Yellow* Zinc* Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium* Cobalt* DiboraneTitanium* Dichloroborane 2-Furaldehyde B.Brazier 2010

  20. Light Sensitive Chemicals • Avoid exposure to light & Store in amber bottles in a cool, dry place. B.Brazier 2010

  21. Carcinogens • Label all containers as Cancer Suspect Agents. • Store according to hazardous nature of chemicals, e.g., flammable, corrosive. • When necessary, store securely. B.Brazier 2010

  22. Carcinogens • Antimony compounds • Acrylonitrile • Arsenic compounds • Benzene • Benzidine • Chloroform • Beryllium • Dimethyl Sulfate • Cadmium compounds • Dioxane • Chromates,Salts of • Ethylene Dibromide • Beta-Naphthylamine • Hydrazine • Vinyl Chloride • Nickel Carbonyl B.Brazier 2010

  23. Chemical Segregation and Storage Groups • Stanford Storage Group Classification System • used to segregate chemicals stored in the laboratory. • It is based on physical and chemical reactivity information found in the MSDS or other references. B.Brazier 2010

  24. Storage Groups • Storage Groups are groups of chemicals that will not react violently if mixed together. • Stanford has about 10,000 unique chemicals classified according this system in the SCIMS Database. • The Stanford Storage Group system was developed for laboratory scale storage B.Brazier 2010

  25. STANFORD COMPATIBLE STORAGE GROUP CODES • A letter designation is given to each compatible group of materials. • For example, "A" represents "compatible organic bases, flammables and poisons". • "G" is "not intrinsically reactive, flammable or combustible". • A chemical that is incompatible with other chemicals in all of the other Storage Groups must be placed in Storage Group "X". Storage Group "X" chemicals must be segregated from all other chemicals. • If the information is not available, then Storage Group "U" will be assigned. B.Brazier 2010

  26. B.Brazier 2010

  27. B.Brazier 2010

  28. SEGREGATE CHEMICALS BY COMPATIBLE STORAGE GROUPS • Segregate chemicals in a compatible fashion according to the compatible Storage Groups. • If a particular item does not yet have a storage group designated, the researcher must use his best judgement on how best to store the material. • Keep the different storage groups in separate cabinets, if possible. B.Brazier 2010

  29. SEGREGATE CHEMICALS BY COMPATIBLE STORAGE GROUPS • In areas that contain items from more than one storage group, there is no need to store them alphabetically by storage group (i.e. A then B then C). The letters are just an arbitrary convention. B.Brazier 2010

  30. SEGREGATE CHEMICALS BY COMPATIBLE STORAGE GROUPS • If you must store items from more than one storage group on the same shelf, they must have separate secondary containment for each group. • For example: • Acetic acid (Storage group "D", organic acid) • Hydrochloric acid (Storage group "F", inorganic acid) • Nitric acid (Storage group "E", oxidizing) • These all acids but they are incompatible and must be stored in separate secondary containment and on separate shelves within the same cabinet. B.Brazier 2010

  31. SEGREGATE CHEMICALS BY COMPATIBLE STORAGE GROUPS B.Brazier 2010

  32. SEGREGATE CHEMICALS BY COMPATIBLE STORAGE GROUPS B.Brazier 2010

  33. Store in same cabinet • If you must store items from many storage groups in the same cabinet with more than one shelf, • put storage group "B" and "X" on the top shelf. • This will prevent other chemicals from dripping on them. B.Brazier 2010

  34. B.Brazier 2010

  35. Flammable liquid storage • If the total quantity of flammable liquids exceeds 5 Lt, they must be stored in a flammable liquid storage cabinet except when in active use. B.Brazier 2010

  36. OTHER STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS: • Long-term storage on bench tops or in fume hoods is discouraged. • All containers MUST remain closed except when actively adding or removing materials. Do not store funnels in open containers. • Never store hazardous materials next to or above sinks. This includes dark rooms with waste fixer stored adjacent to open floor drains. B.Brazier 2010

  37. OTHER STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS: • Store solids above liquids. • Avoid exposing stored chemicals to building heat or to direct sunlight. • All chemical storage shelving must have lips and seismic restraints. • Use explosion-proof refrigerators when storing flammables in a refrigerator. B.Brazier 2010

  38. The End B.Brazier 2010

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