Human Growth and Development

1. Human Growth and Development Day 16 October 29, 2012 Industry versus Inferiority

2. Agenda for Class #15 • Present last several book reviews • BMI and statistical presentation • school nutrition activity • Grade School Cognitive and Social Development Issues

3. Discrepancy Criterion • Aptitude and performance are more than 2 years different • aptitude testing • achievement testing • raw score (percent of total possible) • percentile (compared to reference pop.)

5. Applying Percentiles to other issues • Body Mass Index (BMI) can be used to indicate if you are overweight, obese, underweight or normal. It will, however, overestimate fatness in people who are muscular or athletic. Because of these problems, this body mass index calculator shows extra statistics to help you be informed and judge your own body compared to others of the same height and age. Also offered are average weight and height charts and Body Mass Index charts, which show data you just can't find anywhere else.

6. http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/usefultools/l/bl_kids_centils.htmhttp://pediatrics.about.com/cs/usefultools/l/bl_kids_centils.htm

7. http://www.halls.md/body-mass-index/bmi.htm • If at 50th percentile, you are close to average weight.At 90th percentile, your weight is greater than 90% of others.At 20th percentile, then 80% of others weigh more than you.

9. Women tend to believe they look their best at values between 20 to 22 and men are usually satisfied with a BMI of 23 to 25. If your BMI  is between 17 to 22, your life expectancy is longer than average. You don't need to lose weight. • If your BMI is between 23 and 25, you are not considered overweight by most people.  But if your BMI is 26 or more, that's not good. But you knew that already. Source: • http://www.halls.md/body-mass-index/bmi.htm

12. See handout for additional resources • www.myplate.gov

13. What can be done to help obese grade school children? 1. 2. 3. 4.

14. What can be done to avoid waste of cafeteria food? • What goes in a good sack lunch? • Grade school • High school • Adults at work

15. Social and Cognitive Development • Erikson -- Industry versus Inferiority • Freud -- Latency • Piaget -- Concrete Operational Thinking • Reversibility • Conservation • Seriation • Classification • Consider the issue of fairness, i.e., FAT City • Role of the family in child development

16. Family Function • Family function: The way a family works to meet the needs of its members. Children need families to: • provide basic material necessities • encourage learning • help them develop self-respect • nurture friendships • foster harmony and stability

17. Family Structure • Family structure: The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on. • Nuclear family – no more than two generations • Parent(s) and children • Extended families – various generations with diversified family ties (aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, in-laws, etc.)

18. Families

19. Family Trouble • Dysfunctional family: A family that does not support all its members • Three factors increase the likelihood of dysfunction: • Low Income • Instability • Low Harmony

20. The Peer Group • Culture of children: The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society. • Fashion • Language • Peer culture

21. Bullies and Victims • Bullying: Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person. • Bully-victim: Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well • Also called a provocative victim because he or she does things that elicit bullying, such as stealing a bully’s pencil

26. Assignment Finish chapters on Grade School and Adolescence Wednesday – finish grade school; discuss adolescence