Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Direct Quotes Bellwork

1. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Direct Quotes Bellwork Mrs. Bly

2. SUMMARIZING

3. What is a summary? • Summarizing is how we take larger selections of text and reduce them to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main pointsthat are worth noting and remembering. • Webster's calls a summary the "general idea in brief form."

4. What Are We Doing When We Summarize? • We strip away the extra words and examples. • We are trying to capture the main ideas and the necessary supporting details. • We are shortening the passage by including the main ideas in order to use it as a concrete detail.

5. When summarizing, DON’T • write down everything • write down next to nothing • copy word for word • be too detailed • include unimportant info • make your summary as long as or longer than the original

6. Strategies • Figure out the main idea • Use the 5W’s/1H to pick out important details • Imagine that each word in your summary costs money, like an ad in the paper. Is this info worth the cost? Would the summary still get the point across without it?

7. When summarizing, DO • pull out main ideas • focus on key details • use key words and phrases • break down the larger ideas • write only enough to convey the gist • use your own words • include the original author’s name and title of the work you’re summarizing (use MLA format to cite)

8. Practice • Insects are small, six-legged animals. There are many different insects, like bees, ants, wasps, butterflies, cockroaches, ladybugs, fireflies, and termites. Other insects include houseflies, dragonflies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, lice, crickets, fleas, and moths. It would take over 6,000 pages to print the scientific names of all insects on paper.     Over 1.5 million species of animals have been named by scientists. Approximately 1 million of these are insects. Scientists discover 7,000 to 10,000 new species of insects each year. Some scientists believe that 1 million to 10 million species of insects are still undiscovered.     Insects live almost everywhere on Earth. They live in tropical jungles and cold snowy regions. They can be found high on mountains and in deserts below sea level. From caves to the sky, insects can be seen crawling or flying. The only place where few insects are found is the ocean.

9. Choose the BEST summary of this passage: • A- There are millions of species of insects. New insect species are discovered each year, and scientists believe that millions have not been discovered yet. Insects live almost everywhere, but only a few live in the ocean. • B- Insects are small, six-legged animals. It would take more than 6,000 pages to list them all. Insects live in caves, on mountains, and in deserts. They can be found in jungles and snowy regions. Only a few insects live in the ocean. • C- Bees, ants, ladybugs, and termites are examples of insects. There are 1.5 million kinds of insects on Earth. Some scientists think there are up to 10 million species left to discover. They live high on mountains and in deserts. • D- Insects are not found in oceans. They are found in deserts, below sea-level, and on mountain tops. They fly and live in caves. They even live in tropical jungles and in snowy regions. Scientists have not found all the species of insects yet.

10. ANSWER: A • A good summary tells the most important points of a passage in a very short way. Some summaries are only a couple of sentences long, but they always cover the main points of a passage. This passage is about insects. • The most important points in the passage are: • (1) there are millions of different kinds of insects, • (2) new species are discovered every year, • (3) scientists still haven't found all of the species of insects, and • (4) insects live just about everywhere, but very few species of insects live in the ocean. • Therefore A is the correct answer: • A- There are millions of species of insects. New insect species are discovered each year, and scientists believe that millions have not been discovered yet. Insects live almost everywhere, but only a few live in the ocean.

11. Application • When would we use a summary as a CD in a research paper?

12. PARAPHRASING

13. What is a paraphrase? • Paraphrasing is restating the idea in your own words.  It can be about the same length or even longer than the original passage.

14. What are we doing when we paraphrase? • We replace difficult vocabulary with words we understand and would normally use • We rewrite the complex ideas into simple, clear sentences • A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

15. When paraphrasing, DON’T • Copy word for word • Use words you don’t understand or wouldn't’t normally use • Leave out ideas • Change the author’s meaning or message

16. When paraphrasing, DO • Put all ideas into your own words • Include all ideas and examples • Include the original author’s name and title of the work you’re paraphrasing (use MLA format to cite) • Keep your paraphrase about the same length as the original • Write more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

17. Strategies • Read the text, and make sure you understand what it is saying • Put each idea into your own words…imagine how you would say this idea to a friend or in your own writing • Paraphrasing is helpful because the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.

18. IMPORTANT • When paraphrasing, be VERY careful not to be too close to the original version. This is PLAGIARISM. • To avoid plagiarism, make sure to change both the vocabulary and sentence structure in your paraphrase.

19. Practice • Original: "Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door.  A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine." –E.A. Poe • Plagiarism: On the eighth night I was more cautious than usual when opening the door. The minute hand on a watch moves more quickly than did mine. • Paraphrase: On the eighth night, I was more careful than normal when I opened the door. The minute hand on a watch moved faster than my hand did.

20. “I knew that sound well too” • I knew that sound very well. • It was a sound I recognized very well. • It was a sound I recognized.

21. “There entered three men, who introduced themselves, with perfect suavity, as officers of the police.” –E.A. Poe • Three guys entered and explained themselves to be police officers. • Three police officers entered and politely explained who they were. • Three men entered and introduced themselves very suavely as police officers.

22. Using Direct Quotes

23. What are direct quotes? • A direct quote is one in which you copy an author’s words directly from the text and use that exact wording in your essay • Direct quotes are the most common CD (concrete detail) you have used as textual evidence in my English class.

24. What are we doing when we use direct quotes? • We provide the exact words from the text • We give evidence to support the evaluation and analysis in our essay

25. When using direct quotes, DON’T • Only choose dialogue to cite • Change the grammar of the quote • Leave out important details when using ellipses (the 3 dots: …) • Don’t use direct quotes for plot summary • Don’t use the direct quote without following it with analysis sentences. The direct quote doesn’t speak for you!

26. When using direct quotes,DO • Use quotation marks to identify your direct quote in the paragraph (‘’ “) • Write the exact words from the text • Choose descriptive passages as well as dialogue • Cite your direct quotes • For quotes longer than 3 lines, block indent using left/right indent

27. Strategies • Choose the main idea of the textual evidence that you want to use and eliminate extraneous parts • Include only the direct quote that you are going to analyze in your CM (commentary) sentences • Make sure your direct quote supports your thesis

28. Practice: What direct quotes could you use from this passage? • https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/edgar-allan-poe

29. RECAP • What’s the difference between a summary, a paraphrase, and a direct quote?