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Introduction to Histology: Microscopic Anatomy

This article provides an overview of histology, also known as microscopic anatomy. It covers the light microscope and electron microscopy, as well as the structure and function of cellular components such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and cytoskeleton. Additionally, it explores cell membrane, glycocalyx, microvilli, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cilia.

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Introduction to Histology: Microscopic Anatomy

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. INTRODUCTIONTO HISTOLOGY

  3. HISTOLOGY(MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY) Definition.

  4. Light Microscope (L/M) • 1- Illumination. • 2- Magnification. • 3- Resolution. N.B. Resolving power ( It is the least distance between 2 particles at which they will appear separated). R.P. for L/M is 250 nm

  5. Light microscope

  6. STAINING FOR L/M Staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) or (Hx&E): Basophilic structures. Acidophilic structures.

  7. (B) Electron microscopy: 1-Transmission E/M: Resolving power 0.2 nm. * Electron-dense structure **Electron-lucent structure 2-Scanning E/M: Resolving power 10 nm.

  8. Transmission Electron Microscope

  9. Scanning Electron microscope

  10. THECELL

  11. THE CELL NUCLEUS(INTERPHASE NUCLEUS)

  12. Shape of nuclei

  13. Dark Nucleus(Deeply-stained nucleus)

  14. Vesicular (open face) Nucleus

  15. CELL NUCLEUS (Interphase Nucleus) L/M: Appearance (Type): - Light nucleus (vesicular) (open face) - Dark nucleus (deeply-stained) Number: 1, 2, or more. Position: Central, eccentric, peripheral, basal.

  16. Cell Nucleus • L/M (cont.): Size: Small, medium, large ( Nucleus/cell ratio) Shape: e.g. Rounded, oval, rod-shaped.

  17. Nucleus (E/M diagram) RER------- Hc

  18. Nucleus (Electron Micrograph) PRACTICAL

  19. Nuclear pores PRACTICAL

  20. Cell Nucleus(Interphase nucleus) E/M: (1) Nuclear envelope Inner nuclear membrane. Outer " " . Nuclear pores. Nuclear pore complex. Perinuclear cisterna. Nuclear lamina. N.B. Rough Endoplasmic reticula (Relation with,).

  21. (2) Chromatin: ( Classification ): According to Metabolic activity: a- Euchromatin(Extended chromatin) b- Heterochromatin(Condensedchrom.) According to Position: a- Peripheral chromatin. b- Nucleolus-associated chromatin. c- Chromatin islands.

  22. Nucleolus (E/M)

  23. (3) Nucleolus: L/M: 1-5 basophilic bodies E/M: 1- Pale-staining fibrillar center. 2- Pars fibrosa: containing rRNA (nRNA) being transcribed.

  24. Nucleolus (cont.): 3- Pars granulosa: maturing ribosomal subunits are assembled. 4- Nucleolar matrix. N.B.Nucleolus is a non-membranous structure. Function of nucleolus: rRNA synthesis.

  25. NUCLEOPLASM • 1- Nuclear matrix. • 2- Ribonucleoprotein. • 3- Interchromatin granules. • 4- Perichromatin granules.

  26. CYTOPLASM • Organelles. • Inclusions. • Cytosol.

  27. Cytoplasmic organelles 1- Cell Membrane. 2- Ribosomes. 3- Endoplasmic Reticulum. 4- Golgi Apparatus. 5- Endosomes 6- Lysosomes. 7- Peroxisomes. 8- Mitochondria. 9- Cytoskeleton. 10-Centrioles. 11-Cilia & flagella. 12-Filaments (thin f., intermediate f., thick f.).

  28. Cytoskeleton 1- Thin Filaments (actin filaments). 2- Intermediate Filaments. 3- Microtubules.

  29. Specializations of cellmembranes • Microvilli. • Cilia. • Intercellular junctions.

  30. Cytoplasmic Inclusions 1- Glycogen. 2- Lipids. 3- Pigments: e.g. lipofuscin pigments, melanin. 4- Crystals. 5- (Secretory granules).

  31. CELL MEMBRANE(PLASMALEMMA)

  32. Cell Membrane(Plasmalemma)

  33. CELL MEMBRANE & GLYCOCALYX

  34. GLYCOCALYX (CELL COAT)

  35. MICROVILLI

  36. MITOCHONDRIA

  37. PRACTICAL

  38. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  39. ROUGH ENDOPLASMICRETICULUM

  40. RER & SECRETORY GRANULES

  41. GOLGI APPARATUS

  42. LYSOSOMES

  43. CILIA

  44. CILIA

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