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LAN Design

LAN Design. First step is establishing goals of the design. This includes: Functionality. Scalability. Adaptability. Manageability. Step 1: Analyze Requirements. Gather data - what are your customer’s needs? What is the geographical layout? What are the critical data and operations?

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LAN Design

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  1. LAN Design • First step is establishing goals of the design. • This includes: • Functionality. • Scalability. • Adaptability. • Manageability.

  2. Step 1: Analyze Requirements • Gather data - what are your customer’s needs? • What is the geographical layout? • What are the critical data and operations? • What is availability? • Network traffic loads, required throughput, future needs (growth). • What problem are you trying to solve? • Segmentation.

  3. Step 2: Develop LAN topology • Major parts of network topology: • Layer 1: Physical Layer - cabling, and physical layout. Designed with speed and expansion capability. • Layer 2: Data Link Layer - microsegmentation with bridges and switches, limits collision domain size. • Layer 3: Network Layer - routers to limit broadcast domain. VLANs.

  4. Layer 1 - Media and Topology • We concentrate on star/extended star topology. • In star, the MDF is the central point. • Horizontal cabling from MDF to workstations. • Catchment area (200m) within 100m Cat 5 UTP limit on horizontal cabling. • Extended star - IDFs or secondary wiring closets, gives multiple catchment areas. • Fiber optic for vertical cabling (longer runs). • Vertical cabling designed as fast link in network, at least 100 Mbps.

  5. Layer 2 Switching • Collisions and collision domain size affect network performance. • Microsegmentation using bridges and switches can reduce collision domain size and eliminate collisions. • Switchs with one hosts per port has a collision domain of 2. • Asymmetric switches can give 10 Mbps to workstations and 100 Mbps to vertical cabling.

  6. Migration to Higher Bandwidth • Include additional vertical cabling for future growth (higher bandwidth). • Bandwidth can be increased by changing to 100 Mbps ports on switches, and using 100 Mbps hubs. • Document speed of each cable drop.

  7. Layer 3: Routing Implementation • Routers provide: • Both physical and logical segmentation. • Broadcast filtering. • Connectivity to WANs. • Routers vs Switches • routers limit broadcast domains, switches limit collision domains. • Routers solve problems with excessive broadcasts, can provide firewalls, security. • Routers provide built-in scaling (subnetting). • Routers are more expensive and harder to configure.

  8. File Servers and Traffic Patterns • Applications (servers) are categorized as enterprise servers or workgroup servers. • Enterprise servers: • Support all users; e.g. email, DNS. • Located at MDF. • Workgroup servers: • Support a specific set of users. • Located at IDF, closest to specific users. • Consider faster speed for servers.

  9. Documentation • Physical map - location of MDF, IDFs, hosts; include cutsheet (cabling runs). • Logical Network maps : • Location of MDF and IDFs, and cabling between - indicate spare cables. • IP addressing scheme - design a consistent addressing scheme throughout the network.

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